Kufotokozera kothandiza kwa mayankho amavuto monga mbewu zowoneka bwino komanso kuwotcherera kwambiri kwa aluminiyamu kwa EV.

Ndi chidziwitso chowonjezeka cha chitetezo cha chilengedwe, chitukuko ndi kulimbikitsa mphamvu zatsopano padziko lonse lapansi zapangitsa kuti kukwezedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto amphamvu kukhala pafupi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zofunikira pa chitukuko chopepuka cha zipangizo zamagalimoto, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwazitsulo za aluminiyamu, ndi khalidwe lawo lapamwamba, kukula kwake ndi makina amakina akukhala apamwamba kwambiri. Kutenga EV yokhala ndi kulemera kwa galimoto ya 1.6t mwachitsanzo, zida za aluminiyamu za alloy ndi pafupifupi 450kg, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 30%. Zowonongeka zapamtunda zomwe zimawonekera popanga ma extrusion, makamaka vuto lambewu lamkati ndi kunja, limakhudza kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwa mbiri ya aluminiyamu ndikukhala cholepheretsa chitukuko chawo.

Kwa ma profiles owonjezera, kupanga ndi kupanga ma extrusion kufa ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chake kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha kufa kwa mbiri ya aluminiyamu ya EV ndikofunikira. Kupereka mayankho asayansi ndi omveka a kufa kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka koyenera komanso kutulutsa kwamtundu wa aluminiyamu wa EV kuti akwaniritse zomwe msika ukufunikira.

1 Zogulitsa Zogulitsa

(1) Zida, chithandizo chapamwamba komanso anti-corrosion ya zigawo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ziyenera kutsata zofunikira za ETS-01-007 "Technical Requirements for Aluminium Alloy Profile Parts" ndi ETS-01-006 "Technical Requirements for Anodic Oxidation Surface Chithandizo”.

(2) mankhwala pamwamba: Anodic makutidwe ndi okosijeni, pamwamba siyenera kukhala coarse njere.

(3) Pamwamba pazigawo siziloledwa kukhala ndi zolakwika monga ming'alu ndi makwinya. Zigawozo siziloledwa kuipitsidwa pambuyo pa okosijeni.

(4) Zinthu zoletsedwa za mankhwalawa zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za Q/JL J160001-2017 "Zofunikira pa Zinthu Zoletsedwa ndi Zoletsedwa mu Zida Zagalimoto ndi Zida".

(5) Zofunikira zamakina: mphamvu zamakokedwe ≥ 210 MPa, zokolola mphamvu ≥ 180 MPa, elongation pambuyo fracture A50 ≥ 8%.

(6) Zofunikira pakupanga ma aluminiyamu aloyi pamagalimoto atsopano amagetsi zikuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 1.

2 Kukhathamiritsa ndi kuyerekezera kofananira kwa mawonekedwe a extrusion Die Kudula kwakukulu kumachitika

(1) Yankho lachikhalidwe 1: ndiko kuti, kupititsa patsogolo mapangidwe a kutsogolo kwa extrusion kufa, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2. Malinga ndi lingaliro lachidziwitso lachidziwitso, monga momwe muvi wasonyezera pa chithunzicho, malo apakati a nthiti ndi malo a sublingual ngalande ali. kukonzedwa, ngalande zapamwamba ndi zapansi ndi 20 ° mbali imodzi, ndipo kutalika kwa ngalande H15 mm kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka aluminiyumu yosungunuka ku nthiti. Mpeni wopanda chilankhulo umasamutsidwa kumanja, ndipo aluminiyumu yosungunuka imakhala pakona, yomwe imakhala yosavuta kupanga madera akufa ndi aluminiyamu slag. Pambuyo kupanga, zimatsimikiziridwa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni kuti pamwamba pamakhala vuto lalikulu la tirigu.

Zotsatira zotsatirazi zidapangidwa pakupanga nkhungu zachikhalidwe:

a. Kutengera ndi nkhungu iyi, tidayesetsa kuonjezera nthiti za aluminiyamu podyetsa.

b. Pamaziko a kuya koyambirira, kuya kwa mpeni wopanda chilankhulo kumazama, ndiko kuti, 5mm imawonjezeredwa ku 15mm yoyambirira;

c. M'lifupi tsamba lopanda chilankhulo limakulitsidwa ndi 2mm kutengera 14mm yoyambirira. Chithunzi chenicheni pambuyo pa kukhathamiritsa chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3.

Zotsatira zotsimikizira zikuwonetsa kuti pambuyo pazitukuko zitatu zomwe zili pamwambazi, zofooka zambewu zowoneka bwino zikadalipo m'mbiri pambuyo pa chithandizo cha okosijeni ndipo sizinathetsedwe bwino. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti pulani yoyambilirayo sikungathebe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zopangira zida za aluminiyamu zopangira ma EV.

(2) Ndondomeko Yatsopano 2 idaperekedwa kutengera kukhathamiritsa koyambirira. Mapangidwe a nkhungu a New Scheme 2 akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4. Malingana ndi "metal fluidity mfundo" ndi "lamulo laling'ono lochepetsetsa", mawonekedwe opangidwa bwino a magalimoto amatengera dongosolo la "open back hole". Mphepete mwa nthiti imagwira ntchito mwachindunji ndikuchepetsa kukana kukangana; malo odyetserako amapangidwa kuti akhale "oboola chivundikiro cha mphika" ndipo malo a mlatho amasinthidwa kukhala mtundu wa matalikidwe, cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kukana kukangana, kukonza kaphatikizidwe, ndi kuchepetsa kupanikizika kwa extrusion; mlatho wamira momwe mungathere kuti muteteze vuto la mbewu zowonongeka pansi pa mlatho, ndipo m'lifupi mwa mpeni wopanda kanthu pansi pa lilime la mlatho pansi ndi ≤3mm; kusiyana pakati pa lamba wogwira ntchito ndi lamba wapansi wogwirira ntchito ndi ≤1.0mm; mpeni wopanda kanthu pansi pa lilime lakufa lapamwamba ndi losalala komanso losinthika, osasiya chotchinga chotuluka , ndipo dzenje lopanga limakhomeredwa mwachindunji momwe mungathere; lamba wogwirira ntchito pakati pa mitu iwiri yomwe ili pakati pa nthiti yamkati ndi yayifupi momwe ndingathere, nthawi zambiri imatenga mtengo wa 1.5 mpaka 2 kuchuluka kwa khoma; mtsinje wa ngalande umakhala ndi kusintha kosalala kuti ukwaniritse kufunikira kwa madzi okwanira aluminiyamu oyenda m'bowo, akuwonetsa malo osakanikirana, osasiya malo aliwonse akufa pamalo aliwonse ( mpeni wopanda kanthu kumbuyo kwa chapamwamba chakufa sichidutsa 2 mpaka 2.5mm ). Kuyerekeza kwa mawonekedwe a extrusion kufa kusanachitike komanso pambuyo pake kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 5.

(3) Samalirani kuwongolera kwatsatanetsatane. Malo a mlatho amapukutidwa ndikulumikizidwa bwino, malamba apamwamba ndi otsika omwe amagwira ntchito amakhala athyathyathya, kukana kwa mapindikidwe kumachepetsedwa, ndipo kutulutsa kwachitsulo kumapangidwa bwino kuti muchepetse kupindika kosagwirizana. Ikhoza kuthetsa mavuto monga mbewu zowonongeka ndi kuwotcherera, potero kuonetsetsa kuti nthiti yotulutsa nthiti ndi liwiro la mizu ya mlatho zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mbali zina, ndipo mwanzeru komanso mwasayansi kupondereza mavuto apamwamba monga kuwotcherera tirigu pamwamba pa aluminiyumu. mbiri . Kuyerekeza kusanachitike komanso pambuyo pa kukonza kwanga kwa nkhungu kukuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 6.

3 Extrusion ndondomeko

Pakuti 6063-T6 zotayidwa aloyi kwa EVs, chiŵerengero extrusion wa ufa ogawanika ndi 20-80, ndi extrusion chiŵerengero cha zinthu zotayidwa mu makina 1800t ndi 23, amene amakwaniritsa zofunika kupanga makina. Njira ya extrusion ikuwonetsedwa mu Table 2.

Table 2 Extrusion kupanga ma profiles a aluminiyamu pakuyika matabwa a batire atsopano a EV

Samalani mfundo zotsatirazi pamene extruding:

(1) Ndi zoletsedwa kutentha nkhungu mu ng'anjo yomweyi, apo ayi kutentha kwa nkhungu kudzakhala kosafanana ndipo crystallization idzachitika mosavuta.

(2) Ngati kutsekedwa kwachilendo kumachitika panthawi ya extrusion, nthawi yotseka siyenera kupitirira maminiti a 3, mwinamwake nkhungu iyenera kuchotsedwa.

(3) Ndikoletsedwa kubwerera ku ng'anjo kuti itenthedwe ndikutuluka mwachindunji pambuyo pobowola.

4. Miyezo yokonza nkhungu ndi mphamvu zake

Pambuyo pokonza nkhungu zambirimbiri komanso kukonza nkhungu zoyeserera, dongosolo lotsatira lokonzekera nkhungu likuperekedwa.

(1) Pangani kukonza koyamba ndikusintha ku nkhungu yoyambirira:

① Yesani kumiza mlatho momwe mungathere, ndipo m'lifupi mwa mlathowo uyenera kukhala ≤3mm;

② Kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa lamba wogwira ntchito wa mutu ndi lamba wogwira ntchito wa nkhungu yapansi ayenera kukhala ≤1.0mm;

③ Osasiya chotchinga;

④ Lamba wogwirira ntchito pakati pa mitu iwiri yamphongo m'nthiti zamkati ayenera kukhala waufupi momwe angathere, ndipo kusintha kwa ngalande kuyenera kukhala kosalala, kwakukulu komanso kosalala momwe kungathekere;

⑤ Lamba wogwira ntchito wa nkhungu yapansi ayenera kukhala waufupi momwe angathere;

⑥ Palibe zone zakufa zomwe ziyenera kusiyidwa pamalo aliwonse ( mpeni wopanda kanthu kumbuyo usapitirire 2mm);

⑦ Konzani nkhungu yapamwamba ndi njere zowonongeka mkati mwa mkati, kuchepetsa lamba wogwira ntchito wa nkhungu yapansi ndikuphwanyitsa chipika chotuluka, kapena musakhale ndi chotchinga chotuluka ndikufupikitsa lamba wogwira ntchito wa nkhungu yapansi.

(2) Kutengera kusinthidwa kwinanso ndikuwongolera nkhungu pamwambapa, zosintha zotsatirazi zimachitika:

① Chotsani madera akufa a mitu iwiri ya amuna;

② Chotsani chotchinga chotuluka;

③ Chepetsani kusiyana kwa kutalika pakati pa mutu ndi malo ogwirira ntchito;

④ Kufupikitsa malo ogwirira ntchito otsika.

(3) Pambuyo pokonza nkhungu ndikuwongoleredwa, mawonekedwe apamwamba a chinthu chomalizidwa amafika pamalo abwino, okhala ndi malo owala komanso opanda njere zowoneka bwino, zomwe zimathetsa mavuto a mbewu zouma, kuwotcherera ndi zolakwika zina zomwe zilipo padziko lapansi. mbiri ya aluminiyamu ya EVs.

(4) Voliyumu yowonjezera idakwera kuchokera ku 5 t / d mpaka 15 t / d, kuwongolera kwambiri kupanga bwino.

5 Mapeto

Mwa kukhathamiritsa mobwerezabwereza ndikuwongolera nkhungu yoyambirira, vuto lalikulu lokhudzana ndi njere zowoneka bwino pamtunda ndi kuwotcherera kwa mbiri ya aluminiyamu ya EVs zidathetsedwa.

(1) Ulalo wofooka wa nkhungu yoyambirira, mzere wapakati wa nthiti, unakonzedwa bwino. Pochotsa madera akufa a mitu iwiri, flattening chipika otaya, kuchepetsa kutalika kusiyana pakati pa mutu ndi m'munsi kufa zone ntchito, ndi kufupikitsa m'munsi kufa zone ntchito, zofooka pamwamba pa 6063 zotayidwa aloyi ntchito mu mtundu uwu wa galimoto, monga mbewu coarse ndi kuwotcherera, anagonjetsedwa bwinobwino.

(2) Voliyumu yowonjezera idakwera kuchokera ku 5 t / d mpaka 15 t / d, kuwongolera kwambiri kupanga bwino.

(3) Mlandu wopambana uwu wa mapangidwe amtundu wa extrusion ndi kupanga ndiwoyimira komanso wodziwika popanga mbiri yofananira ndipo ndiyoyenera kukwezedwa.