Milatho ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu. Kuyambira kalekale pamene anthu ankagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yodulidwa ndi miyala younjika podutsa m’mitsinje yamadzi ndi m’mitsinje, mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito milatho yokhotakhota ngakhalenso milatho yokhala ndi zingwe, chisinthikocho chakhala chodabwitsa. Kutsegulidwa kwaposachedwa kwa mlatho wa Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao ndi chochitika chofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya milatho. Pomanga mlatho wamakono, kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zolimba za konkriti, zida zachitsulo, makamaka ma aluminiyamu aloyi, zakhala chisankho chachikulu chifukwa cha zabwino zake zosiyanasiyana.
Mu 1933, mlatho woyamba padziko lonse wa aluminiyamu unagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlatho wodutsa mumtsinje ku Pittsburgh ku United States. Zaka zoposa khumi pambuyo pake, mu 1949, Canada anamaliza kumanga mlatho wa aluminiyamu wodutsa mumtsinje wa Saguenay ku Quebec, ndipo kutalika kwake kumafika mamita 88.4. Mlathowu unali woyamba padziko lonse wa aluminiyamu aloyi. Mlathowu unali ndi zitsulo zotalika pafupifupi mamita 15 ndi misewu iwiri ya magalimoto. Idagwiritsa ntchito aluminium alloy 2014-T6 ndipo inali yolemera matani 163. Poyerekeza ndi mlatho wachitsulo womwe unakonzedwa poyamba, umachepetsa kulemera kwa pafupifupi 56%.
Kuyambira pamenepo, kachitidwe ka milatho ya aluminiyamu yopangidwa ndi alloy yakhala yosaimitsidwa. Pakati pa 1949 ndi 1985, United Kingdom inamanga milatho pafupifupi 35 ya aluminium alloy structural, pamene Germany inamanga mozungulira 20 milatho yotereyi pakati pa 1950 ndi 1970.
Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo, zida za aluminiyamu alloy zimakhala ndi zochepa zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zopepuka kwambiri, ndi 34% yokha ya kulemera kwa chitsulo kwa voliyumu yomweyo. Komabe, ali ndi mphamvu zofanana ndi zitsulo. Kuphatikiza apo, ma aluminiyamu aloyi amawonetsa kukhazikika bwino komanso kukana dzimbiri pomwe ali ndi ndalama zochepa zokonza. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, apeza ntchito yaikulu pakupanga mlatho wamakono.
China yapitanso patsogolo kwambiri pantchito yomanga milatho. Mlatho wa Zhaozhou, womwe wakhala zaka zoposa 1500, ndi chimodzi mwazopambana kwambiri pa uinjiniya wa mlatho wakale waku China. M’nthawi yamakono, mothandizidwa ndi dziko limene kale linali Soviet Union, dziko la China linamanganso milatho ingapo yachitsulo, kuphatikizapo milatho ya mtsinje wa Yangtze ku Nanjing ndi Wuhan, komanso Pearl River Bridge ku Guangzhou. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito milatho ya aluminiyamu alloy ku China kukuwoneka kuti ndikochepa. Mlatho woyamba wa aluminium alloy structural mlatho ku China unali mlatho woyenda pansi pamsewu wa Qingchun ku Hangzhou, womwe unamangidwa mu 2007. Mlathowu unapangidwa ndi kuikidwa ndi akatswiri a mlatho wa ku Germany, ndipo zipangizo zonse zidatumizidwa kuchokera ku Germany. M'chaka chomwechi, mlatho woyenda pansi ku Xujiahui, Shanghai, unapangidwa kwathunthu ndikupangidwa m'nyumba pogwiritsa ntchito ma aluminiyamu aloyi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 6061-T6 aluminium alloy ndipo, ngakhale anali wolemera matani 15, amatha kunyamula matani 50.
M'tsogolomu, milatho ya aluminiyamu ya aloyi ili ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha chitukuko ku China pazifukwa zingapo:
1 Ntchito yomanga njanji zothamanga kwambiri ku China ikupita patsogolo, makamaka m'madera ovuta a madera akumadzulo okhala ndi zigwa ndi mitsinje yambiri. Milatho ya aluminium alloy, chifukwa cha kuyenda kwawo kosavuta komanso katundu wopepuka, akuyembekezeka kukhala ndi msika wofunikira.
2 Zipangizo zachitsulo zimakhala ndi dzimbiri ndipo sizigwira bwino ntchito pakatentha kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kwachitsulo kumakhudza kwambiri kukhazikika kwa mlatho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zokonzekera komanso kuopsa kwa chitetezo. Mosiyana ndi izi, zida za aluminiyamu za aluminiyamu zimakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri ndipo zimagwira ntchito bwino pakatentha pang'ono, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera nyengo zosiyanasiyana ndikuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali. Ngakhale milatho ya aluminiyamu ya aloyi ikhoza kukhala ndi ndalama zoyamba zomanga zokwera, ndalama zawo zochepetsera zosamalira zingathandize kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa mtengo pakapita nthawi.
3 Kafukufuku wokhudza mapanelo a aluminiyamu mlatho, m'dziko komanso m'mayiko ena, apangidwa bwino, ndipo zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kupita patsogolo kwafukufuku wazinthu kumapereka chitsimikizo chaukadaulo popanga ma alloys atsopano omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana. Opanga aluminiyamu aku China, kuphatikiza zimphona zamakampani ngati Liaoning Zhongwang, pang'onopang'ono asintha malingaliro awo ku mbiri ya mafakitale a aluminiyamu, ndikuyika maziko omanga mlatho wa aluminiyamu.
4 Kumanga mwachangu njanji zapansi panthaka m'mizinda ikuluikulu yaku China kumakhazikitsa zofunikira zomangira zomanga kuchokera pamwamba. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo kwakukulu, ndizodziwikiratu kuti milatho yambiri ya aluminiyamu ya alloy ndi misewu ikuluikulu idzapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mtsogolo.
Adasinthidwa ndi May Jiang kuchokera ku MAT Aluminium
Nthawi yotumiza: May-15-2024
