1. kuchepa
Pamapeto a mchira wa zinthu zina zowonjezera, poyang'anitsitsa mphamvu zochepa, pali chodabwitsa chofanana ndi lipenga cha zigawo zosagwirizana pakati pa gawo la mtanda, lomwe limatchedwa shrinkage.
Nthawi zambiri, mchira wa shrinkage wa zinthu zakutsogolo ndi wautali kuposa wa reverse extrusion, ndipo mchira wocheperako wa aloyi wofewa ndi wautali kuposa wa aloyi yolimba. The shrinkage mchira wa patsogolo extrusion mankhwala makamaka amawonetseredwa annular wosaphatikiza wosanjikiza, pamene shrinkage mchira wa reverse extrusion mankhwala makamaka kuonekera ngati chapakati fanicha mawonekedwe.
Pamene zitsulo extruded ku mapeto kumbuyo, khungu ingot ndi inclusions yachilendo anasonkhanitsa akufa ngodya ya yamphamvu extrusion kapena pa gasket otaya mu mankhwala kupanga yachiwiri shrinkage mchira; pamene zinthu zotsalira ndizofupikitsa kwambiri ndipo shrinkage pakati pa mankhwala sikwanira, mtundu wa shrinkage mchira umapangidwa. Kuchokera kumapeto kwa mchira kupita kutsogolo, mchira wochepetsera pang'onopang'ono umakhala wopepuka ndipo umasowa kwathunthu.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuchepa
1) Zinthu zotsalira ndizofupikitsa kwambiri kapena kutalika kwa mchira wa mankhwala sikukwaniritsa zofunikira. 2) Pad extrusion si yoyera ndipo imakhala ndi madontho amafuta. 3) Mu gawo lotsatira la extrusion, kuthamanga kwa extrusion kumathamanga kwambiri kapena kumawonjezeka mwadzidzidzi. 4) Gwiritsani ntchito phala lopunduka la extrusion (pad yokhala ndi chotupa pakati). 5) Kutentha kwa mbiya ya extrusion ndikokwera kwambiri. 6) Mtsuko wa extrusion ndi shaft extrusion sizokhazikika. 7) Pamwamba pa ingot siwoyera ndipo imakhala ndi madontho amafuta. Zotupa zopatukana ndi makwinya sizinachotsedwe. 8) Mkati mwa mbiya ya extrusion si yosalala kapena yopunduka, ndipo mzere wamkati sutsukidwa mu nthawi ndi phala loyeretsa.
Njira zopewera
1) Siyani zinthu zotsalira ndikudula mchira molingana ndi malamulo 2) Sungani zida ndi kufa zoyera 3) Kupititsa patsogolo khalidwe la ingot 4) Kuwongolera moyenera kutentha kwa extrusion ndi kuthamanga kuti muwonetsetse kuti extrusion yosalala 5) Pokhapokha muzochitika zapadera, ndizovomerezeka. zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pamwamba pa zida ndi zisamere 6) Kuziziritsa gasket bwino.
2. Mphete yambewu
Pazidutswa zoyesa zokulitsa zotsika za zinthu zina za aluminiyamu zomwe zidatulutsidwa pambuyo pa chithandizo chamankhwala, malo owoneka bwino opangidwanso ndi tirigu amapangidwa m'mphepete mwa chinthucho, chomwe chimatchedwa mphete yambewu. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana azinthu ndi njira zopangira, mphete zambewu zowoneka bwino mu mphete, arc ndi mitundu ina zimatha kupangidwa. Kuzama kwa mphete yolimba ya njere kumachepa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kumapeto kwa mchira kupita kutsogolo mpaka kutheratu. Mapangidwe limagwirira ndi kuti waung'ono njere dera anapanga padziko mankhwala pambuyo otentha extrusion amapanga coarse recrystallized tirigu m'dera pambuyo Kutentha ndi njira yothetsera.
Waukulu zimayambitsa coarse tirigu mphete
1) Osagwirizana extrusion mapindikidwe 2) Kutentha kwambiri kutentha mankhwala kutentha ndi yaitali akugwira nthawi kuchititsa mbewu kukula 3) Zopanda nzeru aloyi mankhwala zikuchokera 4) Nthawi zambiri, kutentha-mankhwala kulimbitsa aloyi zimatulutsa coarse tirigu mphete pambuyo kutentha mankhwala, makamaka 6a02, 2a50 ndi zina. aloyi. Vuto ndilovuta kwambiri pamitundu ndi mipiringidzo, zomwe sizingathetsedwe ndipo zimatha kuyendetsedwa mkati mwamtundu wina 5) Kuwonongeka kwa extrusion kumakhala kochepa kapena kosakwanira, kapena kuli mumtundu wovuta kwambiri, womwe umakonda kutulutsa mbewu zowawa. mphete.
Njira zopewera
1) Khoma lamkati la silinda ya extrusion ndi yosalala kuti ipangitse manja a aluminiyamu wathunthu kuti muchepetse kukangana panthawi ya extrusion. 2) Mapindikidwe ndi odzaza ndi yunifolomu momwe angathere, ndipo kutentha, liwiro ndi magawo ena a ndondomeko zimayendetsedwa bwino. 3) Pewani kutentha kwambiri kwa chithandizo chamankhwala kapena kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali. 4) Extrusion ndi porous kufa. 5) Extrusion ndi reverse extrusion ndi static extrusion. 6) Kupanga njira yothetsera chithandizo-chojambula-kukalamba. 7) Sinthani golide wathunthu ndikuwonjezera zinthu zoletsa recrystallization. 8) Gwiritsani ntchito kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri. 9) Ingots zina za alloy sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana, ndipo mphete yambewu yambewu imakhala yosazama panthawi yotulutsa.
3. Stratification
Ichi ndi chilema cha delamination cha khungu chomwe chimapangidwa pamene chitsulo chimayenda mofanana ndipo pamwamba pa ingot imalowa mu mankhwala pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe pakati pa nkhungu ndi zone zotanuka kutsogolo. Pachiyeso chopingasa chotsika chotsika, chikuwoneka ngati cholakwika chosaphatikizana pamphepete mwa gawo la mtanda.
Zifukwa zazikulu za stratification
1) Pamwamba pa ingot pali dothi kapena pali magulu akuluakulu a tsankho pamwamba pa ingot popanda khungu la galimoto, zotupa zachitsulo, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuziyika. 2) Pali ma burrs pamwamba pa chopanda kanthu kapena mafuta, utuchi ndi dothi lina lokhazikika, ndipo silimatsukidwa musanatulutsidwe. Kuyeretsa 3) Malo a dzenje lakufa ndi osayenera, pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa mbiya yowonjezera 4) Chida cha extrusion chimavala kwambiri kapena pali dothi muzitsulo za extrusion, zomwe sizitsukidwa ndipo sizisinthidwa nthawi 5) The kusiyana kwa m'mimba mwake wa pad extrusion ndi yayikulu kwambiri 6 ) Kutentha kwa mbiya ya extrusion ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kutentha kwa ingot.
Njira zopewera
1) Pangani nkhungu moyenerera, fufuzani ndikusintha zida zosayenerera munthawi yake 2) Osayika ma ingots osayenerera mu ng'anjo 3) Mukadula zinthu zotsalazo, ziyeretseni ndipo musalole mafuta opaka kuti azimamatira 4) Sungani. akalowa a mbiya extrusion bwinobwino, Kapena gwiritsani ntchito gasket kuyeretsa akalowa mu nthawi.
4. Kuwotcherera kosakwanira
Chodabwitsa cha kuwotcherera stratification kapena chosakwanira maphatikizidwe pa kuwotcherera za dzenje mankhwala extruded ndi kugawanika kufa amatchedwa osauka kuwotcherera.
Waukulu zimayambitsa osauka kuwotcherera
1) Small extrusion coefficient, otsika extrusion kutentha, ndi mofulumira extrusion liwiro 2) Zonyansa extrusion zopangira kapena zida 3) Kupaka mafuta a nkhungu 4) Molakwika nkhungu kapangidwe, osakwanira kapena osagwirizana hydrostatic kuthamanga, zosayenera diversion dzenje kapangidwe 5) Madontho a mafuta pamwamba wa ingot.
Njira zopewera
1) Moyenera kuonjezera coefficient extrusion, extrusion kutentha, ndi extrusion liwiro 2) Moyenera kupanga ndi kupanga nkhungu 3) Musati mafuta ya silinda extrusion ndi extrusion gasket ndi kuwasunga oyera 4) Gwiritsani ntchito ingots ndi malo oyera.
5. Extrusion ming'alu
Uwu ndi mng'alu wawung'ono wooneka ngati arc m'mphepete mwa kagawo kopingasa koyeserera kwa chinthu chotuluka, ndikusweka pafupipafupi pamakona ena motsatira mbali yake. Pazifukwa zochepa, zimabisika pansi pa khungu, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, kunja kumapanga ming'alu ya serrated, yomwe idzawononga kwambiri kupitiriza kwachitsulo. Ming'alu ya Extrusion imapangidwa pamene chitsulo pamwamba chimang'ambika ndi kupsinjika kwanthawi ndi nthawi kuchokera ku khoma lakufa panthawi ya extrusion.
Zomwe zimayambitsa ming'alu ya extrusion
1) Kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kumathamanga kwambiri 2) Kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri 3) Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kumasinthasintha kwambiri 4) Kutentha kwa zinthu zopangira zowonjezera ndipamwamba kwambiri 5) Kutulutsa ndi porous kufa, kufa kumakonzedwa pafupi kwambiri ndi pakati, kumabweretsa kusakwanira kwachitsulo pakati, zomwe zimapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa pakati ndi m'mphepete 6) Ingot homogenization annealing si. zabwino.
Njira zopewera
1) Gwiritsani ntchito kutenthetsa ndi kutulutsa kwapadera 2) Yendetsani nthawi zonse zida ndi zida kuti muwonetsetse kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino 3) Sinthani kapangidwe ka nkhungu ndikukonza mosamala, makamaka kapangidwe ka mlatho wa nkhungu, chipinda chowotcherera ndi utali wozungulira wa m'mphepete ziyenera kukhala zomveka 4) Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa sodium. mu high magnesium aluminium alloy 5) Pangani homogenization annealing pa ingot kuti musinthe mapulasitiki ake ndi kufanana.
6. Mibulu
Chilema chomwe zitsulo zam'deralo zimasiyanitsidwa mosalekeza kapena mosalekeza kuchokera kuzitsulo zapansi ndipo zimawoneka ngati zozungulira zozungulira kapena zoboola pakati zimatchedwa bubble.
Zomwe zimayambitsa thovu
1) Pa extrusion, silinda ya extrusion ndi pad extrusion imakhala ndi chinyezi, mafuta ndi dothi lina. 2) Chifukwa cha kuvala kwa silinda ya extrusion, mpweya pakati pa gawo lowonongeka ndi ingot umalowa muzitsulo panthawi ya extrusion. 3) Pali kuipitsidwa mu mafuta. Chinyezi 4) Mapangidwe a ingot okha ndi otayirira ndipo ali ndi vuto la pore. 5) Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha ndipamwamba kwambiri, nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi yaitali kwambiri, ndipo chinyezi chamlengalenga mu ng'anjo ndichokwera kwambiri. 6) Mafuta omwe ali muzinthuzo ndi okwera kwambiri. 7) Kutentha kwa mbiya ya extrusion ndi kutentha kwa ingot ndizokwera kwambiri.
Njira zopewera
1) Sungani malo a zida ndi ma ingots oyera, osalala komanso owuma 2) Konzani bwino miyeso yofananira ya silinda ya extrusion ndi gasket yotulutsa. Yang'anani kukula kwa chida nthawi zambiri. Konzani cylinder extrusion mu nthawi yomwe imakhala yotupa, ndipo pad extrusion sichikhoza kulekerera. 3) Onetsetsani kuti mafutawo ndi aukhondo komanso owuma. 4) Tsatirani mosamalitsa njira zogwirira ntchito za extrusion, kutulutsa mpweya munthawi yake, kudula moyenera, osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta, chotsani bwino zinthu zotsalira, ndikusunga chopanda kanthu ndi nkhungu ya chida kukhala yoyera komanso yopanda kuipitsidwa.
7. Kusenda
mmene kulekana m'deralo kumachitika pakati pa zitsulo pamwamba ndi m'munsi zitsulo zotayidwa aloyi extruded mankhwala.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha peeling
1) Posintha alloy for extrusion, khoma lamkati la mbiya ya extrusion limatsatiridwa ndi chitsamba chopangidwa ndi chitsulo choyambirira ndipo sichimatsukidwa bwino. 2) Mtsuko wa extrusion ndi pad extrusion sagwirizana bwino, ndipo pali zotsalira zachitsulo zotsalira pakhoma lamkati la mbiya ya extrusion. 3) Wothira mafuta mbiya extrusion ntchito extrusion. 4) Chitsulo chimamamatira ku dzenje lakufa kapena lamba wogwirira ntchito ndi wautali kwambiri.
Njira zopewera
1) Potulutsa aloyi yatsopano, mbiya ya extrusion iyenera kutsukidwa bwino. 2) Kupanga moyenerera miyeso yofananira ya mbiya yotulutsa ndi gasket yotulutsa, fufuzani pafupipafupi miyeso ya chida, ndipo gasket yotulutsa sayenera kupitilira kulolerana. 3) Tsukani zitsulo zotsalira pa nkhungu mu nthawi.
8. Zikanda
The makina zokopa mu mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima imodzi chifukwa cha kukhudzana zinthu lakuthwa ndi pamwamba pa mankhwala ndi wachibale kutsetsereka amatchedwa zokopa.
Zifukwa zazikulu za zotupa
1) Chidacho sichinasonkhanitsidwe molondola, njira yowongolera ndi benchi yogwirira ntchito sizosalala, pali ngodya zakuthwa kapena zinthu zakunja, etc. mchenga kapena zipsera zachitsulo zosweka mu mafuta opaka mafuta 4) Kugwira ntchito molakwika panthawi yoyendetsa ndi kunyamula, ndipo zipangizo zonyamulira sizili zoyenera.
Njira zopewera
1) Yang'anani ndikupukuta lamba wogwirira ntchito munthawi yake 2) Yang'anani njira yotuluka, yomwe imayenera kukhala yosalala ndikuthira mafuta moyenerera 3) Pewani mikangano yamakina ndi zokopa panthawi yoyendetsa.
9. Mabampu ndi mabala
Mikwingwirima yomwe imapangidwa pamwamba pa zinthu zikagundana kapena ndi zinthu zina amatchedwa tokhala.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha tokhala ndi mikwingwirima
1) Kapangidwe ka benchi yogwirira ntchito, choyikapo zinthu, ndi zina zambiri ndizosamveka. 2) Madengu azinthu, zoyikapo zakuthupi, ndi zina zotere sizipereka chitetezo choyenera chachitsulo. 3) Kulephera kulabadira kusamalira mosamala pakugwira ntchito.
Njira zopewera
1) Gwirani ntchito mosamala ndikugwirani mosamala. 2) Pewani ngodya zakuthwa ndikuphimba madengu ndi zoyikapo ndi mapepala ndi zipangizo zofewa.
10. Zotupa
Zipsera zomwe zimagawidwa m'mitolo pamwamba pa chinthu chotuluka chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kapena kusuntha pakati pa pamwamba pa chinthu chotuluka ndi m'mphepete kapena pamwamba pa chinthu china amatchedwa abrasions.
Zomwe zimayambitsa abrasions
1) Kuvala kwakukulu kwa nkhungu 2) Chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kwa ingot, zotayidwa zimamatira ku dzenje lakufa kapena lamba wogwirira ntchito wawonongeka 3) Graphite, mafuta ndi zinyalala zina zimagwera mumtsuko wa extrusion 4) Zogulitsazo zimatsutsana wina ndi mzake, kupangitsa kuti pakhale zingwe komanso kutuluka mosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinthucho chisayende molunjika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziwonekere, njira yowongolera, ndi workbench.
Njira zopewera
1) Chongani ndi m'malo zisamere nkhungu osayenera mu nthawi 2) Control kutentha kutentha kwa zopangira 3) Onetsetsani kuti yamphamvu extrusion ndi zopangira pamwamba ndi woyera ndi youma 4) Control liwiro extrusion ndi kuonetsetsa liwiro yunifolomu.
11. Mold Mark
Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kusagwirizana kotalika pamtunda wa mankhwala opangidwa ndi extruded. Zogulitsa zonse zotulutsidwa zimakhala ndi zizindikiro za nkhungu mosiyanasiyana.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha zizindikiro nkhungu
Chifukwa chachikulu: Lamba wogwirira ntchito wa nkhungu sangathe kukwaniritsa bwino
Njira zopewera
1) Onetsetsani kuti pamwamba pa lamba wogwira ntchito nkhungu ndi wowala, wosalala komanso wopanda m'mphepete lakuthwa. 2) Chithandizo choyenera cha nitriding kuonetsetsa kuuma kwapamwamba. 3) Kukonza nkhungu moyenera. 4) Kukonzekera koyenera kwa lamba wogwira ntchito. Lamba wogwira ntchito sayenera kukhala wotalika kwambiri.
12. Kupotoza, kupindika, mafunde
Chodabwitsa cha gawo lamtanda la chinthu chopangidwa ndi extruded chomwe chimapatutsidwa munjira yotalikirapo amatchedwa kupotoza. Chodabwitsa cha chinthucho kukhala chopindika kapena chowoneka ngati mpeni komanso chosawongoka munjira yayitali chimatchedwa kupindika. Chodabwitsa cha mankhwala kukhala mosalekeza undulating mu longitudinal malangizo amatchedwa kugwedeza.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kupotoza, kupindika ndi mafunde
1) Kukonzekera kwa dzenje lakufa sikunakonzedwe bwino, kapena kugawa kukula kwa lamba wogwirira ntchito sikuli koyenera 2) Kukonzekera kwa dzenje lakufa ndi kosauka 3) Chitsogozo choyenera sichinakhazikitsidwe 4) Kukonzekera kosayenera kwa kufa 5) Kutentha kosayenera kwa extrusion ndi liwiro 6) Chogulitsacho sichiwongoleredwa chisanachitike chithandizo chamankhwala 7) Kuzizira kosagwirizana panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha kwa intaneti.
Njira zopewera
1) Sinthani mulingo wa mapangidwe a nkhungu ndi kupanga 2) Ikani maupangiri oyenerera opangira ma traction extrusion 3) Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta am'deralo, kukonza nkhungu ndi kusokoneza kapena kusintha mapangidwe a mabowo osinthira kuti musinthe kuchuluka kwachitsulo 4) Sinthani kutentha kwakunja ndi liwiro. kuti mapindikidwe yunifolomu kwambiri 5) Moyenera kuchepetsa njira yothetsera kutentha kapena kuonjezera kutentha kwa madzi mankhwala njira 6) Onetsetsani yunifolomu kuzirala pa Intaneti quenching.
13. Kupindika Kwambiri
Kupindika mwadzidzidzi mu chinthu chotulutsidwa kwinakwake m'litali mwake kumatchedwa bend yovuta.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kupinda mwamphamvu
1) Kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kwa extrusion, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kuchokera ku liwiro lotsika kupita ku liwilo, kapena kusintha kwadzidzidzi kuchokera ku liwilo kupita ku liwiro lotsika, kapena kuyimitsa mwadzidzidzi, etc.
Njira zopewera
1) Osayimitsa makinawo kapena kusintha liwiro la extrusion mwadzidzidzi. 2) Osasuntha mbiriyo mwadzidzidzi ndi dzanja. 3) Onetsetsani kuti tebulo lotulutsa liri lathyathyathya ndipo chogudubuza chotulutsa chimakhala chosalala komanso chopanda zinthu zakunja, kuti chomalizacho chiziyenda bwino.
14. Pockmarks
Ichi ndi chilema chapamwamba cha mankhwala opangidwa ndi extruded, omwe amatanthauza zing'onozing'ono, zosagwirizana, zosalekeza, zowonongeka, zowonongeka, zowonongeka, nyemba zachitsulo, ndi zina zotero pamtunda wa mankhwala.
Zomwe zimayambitsa ma pockmarks
1) Chikombolecho sichili cholimba mokwanira kapena sichifanana ndi kuuma ndi kufewa. 2. Kutentha kwa extrusion ndikokwera kwambiri. 3) Kuthamanga kwa extrusion ndikothamanga kwambiri. 4) Lamba wogwirira ntchito nkhungu ndi wautali kwambiri, wovuta kapena womata ndi chitsulo. 5) Zomwe zatulutsidwa ndizotalika kwambiri.
Njira zopewera
1) Sinthani kuuma ndi kuuma kofanana kwa malo ogwirira ntchito 2) Kutenthetsa mbiya yotulutsa ndi ingot molingana ndi malamulo ndikugwiritsa ntchito liwiro loyenera 3) Pangani mwanzeru kufa, kuchepetsa kuuma kwa malo ogwirira ntchito, ndikulimbitsa pamwamba. kuyang'anira, kukonza ndi kupukuta 4) Gwiritsani ntchito kutalika kwa ingot.
15. Kupondereza kwachitsulo
Panthawi yopanga extrusion, tchipisi tachitsulo timapanikizidwa pamwamba pa chinthucho, chomwe chimatchedwa kulowerera kwachitsulo.
Zifukwa zazikulu zitsulo kukanikiza
1) Pali cholakwika ndi kutha kwa zinthu zovuta; 2) Pali zitsulo pamtunda wamkati mwazinthu zowonongeka kapena mafuta opaka mafuta ali ndi zinyalala zachitsulo ndi dothi lina; 3) Silinda ya extrusion sichitsukidwa ndipo pali zinyalala zina zachitsulo: 4) Zinthu zina zakunja zachitsulo zimayikidwa mu ingot; 5) Pali slag muzinthu zovuta.
Njira zopewera
1) Chotsani ma burrs pazopangira 2) Onetsetsani kuti zopangira ndi mafuta opaka mafuta ndi oyera komanso owuma 3) Chotsani zinyalala zachitsulo mu nkhungu ndi mbiya yotulutsa 4) Sankhani zida zapamwamba kwambiri.
16. Zopanda zitsulo zosindikizira
Kukanikiza kwa zinthu zakunja monga mwala wakuda kulowa mkati ndi kunja kwa zinthu zotuluka kumatchedwa non-metallic pressing. Zinthu zakunja zitachotsedwa, mkati mwa chinthucho chidzawonetsa ma depressions amitundu yosiyanasiyana, omwe adzawononge kupitiliza kwa zinthuzo.
Zifukwa zazikulu zosagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosindikizira
1) Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta graphite ndi coarse kapena agglomerated, timakhala ndi madzi kapena mafuta osakanizidwa mofanana. 2) Kuwala kwa mafuta a silinda ndi otsika. 3) Chiŵerengero cha mafuta a silinda ku graphite ndi chosayenera, ndipo pali graphite yambiri.
Njira zopewera
1) Gwiritsani ntchito graphite yoyenerera ndikuyisunga yowuma 2) Sefa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzola oyenerera 3) Kuwongolera chiŵerengero cha mafuta odzola ndi graphite.
17. Kuwononga Pamwamba
Zowonongeka za zinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa popanda chithandizo chapamwamba, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala kapena electrochemical reaction pakati pa pamwamba ndi kunja kwa sing'anga, amatchedwa pamwamba corrosion. Pamwamba pa zinthu zowonongeka zimataya kuwala kwake kwachitsulo, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, zinthu zowonongeka zoyera zimapangidwira pamwamba.
Zifukwa zazikulu za dzimbiri pamwamba
1) Mankhwalawa amawonekera kuzinthu zowonongeka monga madzi, asidi, alkali, mchere, ndi zina zotero panthawi yopangira, kusungirako ndi kunyamula katundu, kapena kuyimitsidwa mumlengalenga wa chinyezi kwa nthawi yaitali. 2) Chiŵerengero chosayenera cha aloyi
Njira zopewera
1) Sungani zomwe zili pamwamba ndi malo opangira ndi kusungirako zoyera komanso zowuma 2) Sinthani zomwe zili mu aloyi
18. Pepala la lalanje
Pamwamba pa mankhwala opangidwa ndi extruded amakhala ndi makwinya osagwirizana ngati peel lalanje, yomwe imatchedwanso makwinya. Zimayambitsidwa ndi njere zazikuluzikulu panthawi ya extrusion. Mbewu zikachuluka, m'pamenenso makwinya amaonekera.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha peel lalanje
1) Mapangidwe a ingot ndi osagwirizana ndipo chithandizo cha homogenization sichikwanira. 2) Zomwe zimapangidwira ndizosamveka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mbewu zazikulu za mankhwala omalizidwa. 3) Kuchuluka kwa kutambasula ndi kuwongola ndi kwakukulu kwambiri.
Njira zopewera
1) Kuwongolera moyenerera ndondomeko ya homogenization 2) Pangani mapindikidwe ngati yunifolomu momwe mungathere (kuwongolera kutentha kwa extrusion, liwiro, etc.) 3) Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zovuta ndi kukonza kuti zisakhale zazikulu.
19. Kusamvana
Pambuyo pa extrusion, malo omwe makulidwe a chinthucho amasintha pa ndege amawoneka ngati concave kapena convex, omwe nthawi zambiri sawoneka ndi maso. Pambuyo pa chithandizo chapamwamba, mithunzi yabwino yakuda kapena mithunzi ya mafupa imawonekera.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kusamvana
1) Lamba wogwirira ntchito wa nkhungu amapangidwa molakwika ndipo kukonza nkhungu sikuli m'malo. 2) Kukula kwa dzenje la shunt kapena chipinda chakutsogolo sikoyenera. Kukoka kapena kukulitsa mphamvu ya mbiriyo m'dera la mphambano kumayambitsa kusintha pang'ono mu ndege. 3) Njira yoziziritsa imakhala yosagwirizana, ndipo gawo lolimba-lalitali kapena gawo la mphambano Mlingo wozizira umakhala wocheperako, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndegeyo ikhale yocheperako komanso kupunduka kwa ndege panthawi yozizira. 4) Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa makulidwe, kusiyana pakati pa kamangidwe ka gawo lopanda mipanda kapena malo osinthira ndi magawo ena kumawonjezeka.
Njira zopewera
1) Sinthani mulingo wa mapangidwe a nkhungu, kupanga ndi kukonza nkhungu 2) Onetsetsani kuti kuzizira kofananako.
20. Zizindikiro zogwedezeka
Zizindikiro zogwedezeka ndi zopingasa za mizere yopingasa pamwamba pa zinthu zomwe zatulutsidwa. Iwo amakhala yopingasa mosalekeza nthawi ndi mikwingwirima padziko mankhwala. Mzere wokhotakhota umafanana ndi mawonekedwe a lamba wogwirira ntchito. Pazovuta kwambiri, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino.
Zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zogwedezeka
shaft imagwedezeka kutsogolo chifukwa cha zovuta za zipangizo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulo chigwedezeke pamene chikutuluka mu dzenje. 2) Chitsulo chimagwedezeka chikatuluka mu dzenje la nkhungu chifukwa cha zovuta za nkhungu. 3) Chothandizira nkhungu sichili choyenera, kukhazikika kwa nkhungu kumakhala kosauka, ndipo kugwedezeka kumachitika pamene kuthamanga kwa extrusion kumasinthasintha.
Njira zopewera
1) Gwiritsani ntchito nkhungu zoyenerera 2) Gwiritsani ntchito mapepala oyenerera othandizira poika nkhungu 3) Sinthani zida.
21. Zophatikiza Zomwe zimayambitsa kuphatikizika
Zomwe zimayambitsakuphatikiza
Chifukwa chosowa chophatikizidwa chimakhala ndi zitsulo kapena zosagwirizana ndi zitsulo, sizipezeka m'mbuyomu ndipo zimakhalabe pamwamba kapena mkati mwazogulitsa pambuyo potulutsa.
Njira zopewera
Limbikitsani kuwunika kwa ma billets (kuphatikiza kuyang'ana kwa akupanga) kuti muteteze ma billets okhala ndi zitsulo kapena zosagwirizana ndi zitsulo kuti asalowe munjira ya extrusion.
22. Zizindikiro zamadzi
Zoyera zoyera kapena zakuda zowoneka bwino za mzere wamadzi pamwamba pa zinthu zimatchedwa zolembera zamadzi.
Zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zamadzi
1) Kuyanika koyipa mutatha kuyeretsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chinyezi chotsalira pamwamba pa chinthucho 2) Chinyezi chotsalira pamwamba pa chinthucho chifukwa cha mvula ndi zifukwa zina, zomwe sizinayeretsedwe mu nthawi 3) Mafuta a ng'anjo yokalamba amakhala ndi madzi. , ndipo chinyontho chimasungunuka pamwamba pa mankhwalawa panthawi ya kuzizira kwa mankhwala pambuyo pa ukalamba 4) Mafuta a ng'anjo yokalamba sali oyera, ndipo pamwamba pa mankhwalawa ndi kutenthedwa ndi sulfure dioxide kapena kuipitsidwa ndi fumbi. 5) Sing'anga yozimitsa ndi yoipitsidwa.
Njira zopewera
1) Sungani zinthuzo zouma ndi zoyera 2) Sungani chinyezi ndi ukhondo wamafuta okalamba a ng'anjo 3) Limbikitsani kasamalidwe ka zozimitsa media.
23. Gap
Wolamulirayo amapangidwa mozungulira pa ndege inayake ya mankhwala otulutsidwa, ndipo pali kusiyana pakati pa wolamulira ndi pamwamba, komwe kumatchedwa kusiyana.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kusiyana
Kuthamanga kwachitsulo chosagwirizana panthawi ya extrusion kapena molakwika kumaliza ndi kuwongola ntchito.
Njira zopewera
Kupanga ndi kupanga zisamere pachakudya moyenera, kulimbitsa kukonza nkhungu, ndikuwongolera mosamalitsa kutentha kwa extrusion ndi kuthamanga kwa extrusion malinga ndi malamulo.
24. Makulidwe a khoma osagwirizana
The chodabwitsa kuti khoma makulidwe ofanana kukula extruded mankhwala ndi wosagwirizana mu gawo lomwelo mtanda kapena longitudinal malangizo amatchedwa osagwirizana khoma makulidwe.
Zifukwa zazikulu zosagwirizana khoma makulidwe
1) Mapangidwe a nkhungu ndi osamveka, kapena msonkhano wa zida ndi wosayenera. 2) Mtsuko wa extrusion ndi singano ya extrusion siziri pamzere womwewo wapakati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta. 3) Chingwe chamkati cha mbiya ya extrusion chimavala kwambiri, ndipo nkhunguyo siingathe kukhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta. 4) Makulidwe a khoma la ingot lopanda kanthu lokha ndi losafanana, ndipo silingathetsedwe pambuyo pa zoyamba ndi zachiwiri. Makulidwe a khoma la zinthu zovuta zimakhala zosagwirizana pambuyo pa extrusion, ndipo samachotsedwa pambuyo pogubuduza ndi kutambasula. 5) Mafuta opaka mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zisamayende bwino.
Njira zopewera
1) Konzani chida ndi kufa kupanga ndi kupanga, ndi momveka kusonkhanitsa ndi kusintha 2) Sinthani pakati pa extruder ndi extrusion chida ndi kufa 3)
Sankhani oyenerera billet 4) Moyenera kulamulira magawo ndondomeko monga extrusion kutentha ndi extrusion liwiro.
25. Kukula (kufanana)
Kuwonongeka kwa mbali ziwiri za zinthu zomwe zatulutsidwa monga groove-woboola pakati ndi zinthu zooneka ngati I zotsetsereka kunja zimatchedwa flaring, ndipo chilema chotsetsereka mkati chimatchedwa kufanana.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula (kufanana)
1) Kuthamanga kwachitsulo chosagwirizana ndi "miyendo" iwiri (kapena "mwendo" umodzi) wa ufa kapena mbiri yofanana ndi ine kapena mbiri yofanana ndi ine 2) Kuthamanga kwapakati kwa lamba wogwirira ntchito kumbali zonse ziwiri za mbale ya pansi 3 ) Kutambasula kosayenera ndi makina owongoka 4) Kuzizira kosagwirizana kwa chithandizo chamankhwala pa intaneti pambuyo poti mankhwalawa asiya dzenje lakufa.
Njira zopewera
1) Yang'anirani kwambiri kuthamanga kwa extrusion ndi kutentha kwa extrusion 2) Onetsetsani kuti kuzizira kumafanana 3) Kukonzekera bwino ndi kupanga nkhungu 4) Kuwongolera kwambiri kutentha kwa extrusion ndi liwiro, ndikuyika nkhungu molondola.
26. Zizindikiro zowongoka
Mikwingwirima yozungulira yomwe imapangidwa pamene chinthu chotuluka chiwongoleredwa ndi chogudubuza chapamwamba chimatchedwa zizindikiro zowongoka. Zogulitsa zonse zowongoka ndi chodzigudubuza chapamwamba sizingapewe kuwongolera.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kuwongola zizindikiro
1) Pali m'mphepete pamtunda wowongoka 2) Kupindika kwa mankhwalawo ndi kwakukulu kwambiri 3) Kupanikizika ndipamwamba kwambiri 4) Mphepo yowongoka yowongoka ndi yaikulu kwambiri 5) Mankhwalawa ali ndi ovality yaikulu.
Njira zopewera
Chitani zinthu zoyenera kuti musinthe mogwirizana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa.
27. Kuyimitsa zizindikiro, kamphindi, zizindikiro zoluma
wa mankhwala perpendicular kwa malangizo extrusion opangidwa pa ndondomeko extrusion amatchedwa zizindikiro kuluma kapena zizindikiro yomweyo (omwe amadziwika kuti "zoipa magalimoto zizindikiro").
Pa extrusion, ZOWONJEZERA kuti stably Ufumuyo pamwamba lamba ntchito nthawi yomweyo kugwa ndi kumamatira pamwamba mankhwala extruded kupanga mapangidwe. Mizere yopingasa pa lamba yogwira ntchito yomwe imawoneka pamene ma extrusion ayima amatchedwa zizindikiro zoimika magalimoto; mizere yopingasa yomwe imawonekera panthawi ya extrusion imatchedwa zizindikiro zodzidzimutsa kapena zizindikiro zoluma, zomwe zidzamveka phokoso panthawi ya extrusion.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha kuyimitsidwa, zizindikiro za mphindi, ndi zizindikiro zoluma
1) Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa ingot sikufanana kapena kuthamanga kwa extrusion ndi kupanikizika kumasintha mwadzidzidzi. 2) Gawo lalikulu la nkhungu silinapangidwe bwino kapena lopangidwa kapena lopangidwa mosagwirizana kapena lokhala ndi mipata. 3) Pali kunja mphamvu perpendicular kwa malangizo extrusion. 4) Extruder imathamanga mosakhazikika ndipo pali zokwawa.
Njira zopewera
1) Kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono, yunifolomu extrusion, ndi kusunga mphamvu extrusion khola 2) Pewani mphamvu zakunja perpendicular kwa njira extrusion kuchita pa mankhwala 3) Moyenera kupanga tooling ndi nkhungu, ndi molondola kusankha zinthu, kukula, mphamvu. ndi kuuma kwa nkhungu.
28. Kuwonongeka kwamkati
The abrasion pa mkati padziko mankhwala extruded pa ndondomeko extrusion amatchedwa mkati padziko abrasion.
Zomwe zimayambitsa zotupa zamkati
1) Pali chitsulo chokhazikika pa singano ya extrusion 2) Kutentha kwa singano ya extrusion ndi yotsika 3) Ubwino wa pamwamba pa singano ya extrusion ndi osauka ndipo pali tokhala ndi zokopa 4) Kutentha kwa extrusion ndi kuthamanga sikuyendetsedwa bwino 5) Chiŵerengero cha mafuta a extrusion sichoyenera.
Njira zopewera
1) Wonjezerani kutentha kwa mbiya ya extrusion ndi singano ya extrusion, ndikuwongolera kutentha kwa extrusion ndi kuthamanga kwa extrusion. 2) Limbikitsani kusefa kwa mafuta opaka mafuta, fufuzani kapena sinthani mafuta otayika nthawi zonse, ndikuyika mafuta mofanana komanso mulingo woyenera. 3) Sungani pamwamba pa zopangira zoyera. 4) Bwezerani zisankho zosayenerera ndi singano zotulutsa mu nthawi, ndipo sungani pamwamba pa nkhungu ya extrusion kukhala yoyera komanso yosalala.
29. Zosayenerera zamakina
Ngati makina azinthu zotulutsidwa, monga hb ndi hv, sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo kapena ndizosagwirizana kwambiri, zimatchedwa katundu wamakina osayenerera.
Waukulu zimayambitsa osayenera makina katundu
1) Zinthu zazikuluzikulu za mankhwala a alloy amaposa muyezo kapena chiŵerengero chake ndi chosamveka 2) Njira yowonjezera kapena kutentha kwa kutentha sikumveka 3) Ubwino wa ingot kapena zinthu zoipa ndi zoipa 4) Kuzimitsa pa intaneti sikufika pa kutentha kozimitsa kapena liwiro lozizira sikokwanira: 5) Kukalamba kosayenera kochita kupanga.
Njira zopewera
1) Yang'anirani mosamala kapangidwe ka mankhwala molingana ndi miyezo kapena pangani miyezo yoyenera yamkati 2) Gwiritsani ntchito ma ingots apamwamba kwambiri kapena opanda kanthu 3) Konzani njira yotulutsira 4) Gwiritsani ntchito mwamphamvu njira yozimitsa 5) Gwiritsani ntchito dongosolo lokalamba lochita kupanga ndikuwongolera ng'anjo. kutentha 6) Kutentha Kwambiri Kutentha ndi kuwongolera kutentha.
30. Zinthu zina
Mwachidule, pambuyo kasamalidwe mabuku, pamwamba 30 zilema za zotayidwa aloyi extruded mankhwala akhala bwino inathetsedwa, kukwaniritsa apamwamba, zokolola zambiri, moyo wautali, ndi kukongola mankhwala pamwamba, kubweretsa nyonga ndi kulemera kwa ogwira ntchito, ndi kukwaniritsa kwambiri luso ndi zachuma. phindu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-12-2024
