1.
Magalimoto owoneka bwino adayamba m'maiko otukuka ndipo poyamba adatsogozedwa ndi zimphona zamagalimoto. Ndi chitukuko chopitilira, chapeza chofunikira kwambiri. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe amwenye amagwiritsa ntchito aluminium aluminiyamu kuti apange ma crankshafts pazaka za Auminim Kukula kwabwino komanso kukana kukhazikika, kubwezeretsa kwambiri, komanso kusinthika kwakukulu. Pofika chaka cha 2015, gawo la pulogalamu ya aluminium aloy mugalimoto linali litapitilira 35%.
Kuwala kwa Magalimoto ku China kunayamba zaka zosakwana 10 zapitazo, ndipo ukadaulo ndi ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito magile omwe atukuka ngati Germany, United States, ndi Japan. Komabe, pokonzanso magalimoto atsopano, zopepuka zakuthupi zikuyenda mwachangu. Kubwezera Magalimoto atsopano, ukadaulo wamagalimoto wopepuka ku China ndikuwonetsa zomwe zikuchitika m'maiko otukuka.
Msika wopepuka wa China ndi wamkulu. Mbali inayo, poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka akunja, ukadaulo wowala wa China unayamba mochedwa, ndipo galimoto yonse yolemetsa ndiyokulirapo. Poganizira za chizindikiro cha zopepuka za zida zopepuka m'maiko akunja, pamakhala malo okwanira kuti akakhale ku China. Kumbali inayi, zoyendetsedwa ndi mfundo, kukula kwamphamvu kwa malonda ku China kumakulitsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zopepuka zizifuna komanso kulimbikitsa makampani owunikira kuti musunthire kuwunika.
Kusintha kwa kuchotsera ndi mafuta ofunikira ndikukakamiza kuthamanga kwa zopepuka. China idakhazikitsidwa mokwanira mu 2020. Malinga ndi "njira yowunikira ndi zisonyezo zamagalimoto okwera" ndi "kupulumutsa mphamvu kwamphamvu ndi magetsi ofuna kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Kuganizira malo ocheperako kuti mupange ukadaulo wa zamagetsi ndi kuchepa kwa injini, kukhazikika kwa njira zopepuka kwazinthu zomwe zingachepetse kusintha kwagalimoto ndi mafuta. Kupepuka kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu yakhala njira yofunikira pakukula kwa makampani.
Mu 2016, ku China chifukwa cha kukula kwa magetsi atsopano. Kupepuka kumatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zolimbitsa thupi ndi ma adilesi "okhala ndi nkhawa" m'magalimoto atsopano. Powonjezera kufunikira kwa malo opangira magetsi, zopepuka zamagalimoto zimagwira ntchito mwachangu, ndipo kugulitsa magalimoto ambiri mphamvu zakhala zikugwira kwambiri. Malinga ndi zofunikira za Score System ndi "dongosolo lokhala ndi" pakati pa nthawi yayitali kwa ogulitsa magalimoto, gwiritsani ntchito 38%.
2.Aluminim iloy mawonekedwe ndi mapulogalamu
2.1 mikhalidwe ya aluminium
Kuchulukitsa kwa aluminiyamu ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chitsulo, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zopepuka. Ili ndi mphamvu zapamwamba, kuthekera kwabwino, kuthekera kwamphamvu, komanso kubwezeretsa kwambiri. Aluminiyamu oyang'anira amadziwika kuti ndi opangidwa ndi magnesium, kuwonetsa kutentha kwabwino, kutopa kwabwino, kulephera kutopa, kulephera kukulimbikitsani mankhwala kutentha, komanso kuthekera kowonjezera mphamvu kudzera kuzizira. 17 mndandanda umadziwika kuti ndi wopangidwa ndi magnesium ndi silicon, ndi mg2si ngati gawo lalikulu lalikulu. Zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'gululi ndi 6063, 6061, ndi 600ya. 5052 Pulogalamu ya Aluminiyamu ndi al-mg mndandanda wa almoy mbale, ndi magnesium ngati chinthu chokhacho. Ndiwogwiritsa ntchito chibwibwi champhamvu kwambiri champhamvu kwambiri. Alosi amenewa ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu, mphamvu yotopa kwambiri, pulasitiki yabwino, sizingalimbikitsidwe ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, zimakhala ndi mapiritsi ozizira mu ntchito yozizira, ndikukana katundu wabwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka monga mapazi ake mbali, padenga la padenga, ndi mapanelo a khomo. 6063 Aluminiyam Alloy ndi njira yolimbikitsira yolimbitsa kutentha mu Al-Mg-SI mndandanda, wokhala ndi magnesium ndi silicon ngati zinthu zazikulu zokopa. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri mbiri yolimbitsa kutentha kwa almoy yokhala ndi mphamvu sing'anga, makamaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zigawo zamitundu monga mizati ndi mapanelo ammbali kuti atenge mphamvu. Mafala oyamba a aluminium aloy maginiki akuwonetsedwa mu tebulo 1.
2.2 Kutalika ndi njira yofunikira yopanga aluminiyamu
Aluminium alyoy powonjezera ndi njira yotentha yopanga, ndipo njira yonse yopanga imaphatikizapo kupanga aluminium aluya pansi pamavuto atatu. Njira yonse yopanga imatha kufotokozedwa motere: a. Aluminiyamu ndi ma onlos ena amasungunuka ndikuyiponyera aluminiyamu ofunikira a Alomo; b. Ma billet ophatikizika amayikidwa m'zida zopitilira muyeso kuti atulutsidwe. Pansi pa kani kaliya yayikulu, aluminiyamu a alnoy Billet amapangidwa mu mafilimu ofunikira kudzera mumimba ya nkhungu; c. Pofuna kukonza zojambula zamakina a aluminium a aluminium a aluminium ma props, njira yothetsera yankho imachitika mkati kapena mutatha kupembedza, kutsatiridwa ndi matenda okalamba. Mphamvu zama makina atatha kuchita chizolowezi zimasiyana malinga ndi zida zosiyanasiyana komanso maulamuliro okalamba. Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa mabokosi agalimoto kumawonetsedwa mu tebulo 2.
Zogulitsa za Aluminiyam Aloy zimakhala ndi zabwino zambiri pa njira zina zopangira mawonekedwe:
a. Pofika potayika, chitsulo chokhazikika chimapeza kupsinjika kwamphamvu kwa mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana kuposa kusungunuka komanso kungofalikira, motero imatha kusewera pulasitiki yokonzedwa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zitsulo zowonongeka zomwe sizingakonzedwe ndikugudubuza kapena kungoletsa ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovuta zambiri kapena zazikulu.
b. Chifukwa chakuti geometry ya aluminium mafayilo amatha kusiyanasiyana, zigawo zawo zimakhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, komwe kumatha kusintha chiwongola dzanja chagalimoto, kuchepetsa mikhalidwe yake ya NVH, ndikusintha miyeso yagalimoto.
c. Zogulitsa ndi zochulukirapo, mutatha kuzimitsa komanso ukalamba, zimakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri kuposa zinthu zina.
d. Pamaso pazinthu pambuyo potchera zimakhala ndi mtundu wabwino komanso kukana zabwino, kuthetsa kufunika kwa chithandizo china chotsutsana ndi anti-korona.
e. Kutalika kwa zotamatira kumakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu, zotsika mtengo komanso nkhungu, komanso mtengo wotsika mtengo.
f. Chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwa mbiri ya aluminium, kuchuluka kwa chigawo chimodzi kungawonjezeredwe, kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumatha kuchepetsedwa, ndipo mapangidwe osiyanasiyana am'munda amatha kukwaniritsa bwino.
Kuyerekeza magwiridwe antchito pakati pa ma discle a aluminiyamu ogulitsa magalimoto am'madzi ndi chitsulo chomveka chowonekera mu tebulo 3.
Chitsogozo chotsatira cha aluminiyamu alloy matebulo ogulitsa mabokosi: Kupititsa patsogolo kulimbitsa thupi ndi kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito. Kuwongolera kafukufuku wa zinthu zatsopano za aluminiyamu a aluminiyamu a matebulo omwe amapezeka pa tenerani 1.
3.Lumininum aloy Call Cruck, Kusanthula Kwamphamvu, ndi kutsimikizira
3.1 aluminium alyoy bokosi
The Boy Clay Clay Conder Connent Asney, msonkhano wakumanzere kumanja, msonkhano wapansi pagombe, gulu lapansi, komanso zojambula zakumbuyo, ndi zida zakumbuyo, ndi zida zina yolumikizidwa ndi Chasis Chasis Chassis. Bokosi la Thupi Lamalo, Zipilala, mitengo yamiyala, ndi mapasiketi a khomo ndi aluminiyamu a aluminiyamu a almoy alumu, pomwe padela ndi ma aluminium a Alumu. Kapangidwe ka aluminiyamu bokosi la bokosi la alumu akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopitilira muyeso wa Aluminium Aluminiyamu amatha kupanga zigawo zamphamvu kwambiri. magawo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a mtengo waukulu ndi mphindi za ine ndi ine ndi kukana nthawi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3.
Kufanizira kwa deta yayikulu mu tebulo 4 kumawonetsa kuti mphindi zapadera za inertia ndikukana mphindi za aluminium alumu ndibwino kuposa mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mtengo wopangidwa ndi chitsulo. Zambiri zolimba zokhala ndi zokwanira zimakhala zofanana ndi zojambula zofananira zachitsulo, ndipo onse amakwaniritsa zofuna za kuwonongeka.
3.2 kuwerengera kopsinjika
Kutenga katundu wokwera kwambiri, wonyamula katundu, monga chinthu, kupsinjika kwakukulu kumawerengeredwa. Katundu wovota ndi 1.5 t, ndipo mtanda umapangidwa ndi 6063-t6 aluminiyamu mbiri ya ma iloy ndi makina opanga monga momwe akuwonetsera.
Kutenga mtengo wa 344mm span, katundu wopondereza pa mtengo umawerengeredwa ngati f = 3757 n potengera 4.5t, katatu katatu katatu katatu. q = f / l
komwe q ndi kupsinjika kwamkati kwa mtengo womwe uli pansi pa katundu, N / mm; F ndiye katundu wonyamula mtengo, kuwerengetsa kutengera katatu katatu katundu wokhazikika, womwe ndi 4.5 t; L ndi kutalika kwa mtengo, mm.
Chifukwa chake, kupsinjika kwamkati Q ndi:
Njira yowerengera yoyeserera ili motere:
Nthawi zambiri ndi:
Kutenga mtengo wamphumphu kwambiri, m = 274283 Nit, kupsinjika kwakukulu σ = m / (18.78 MPA, omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira.
3.3 Kulumikizana kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana
Aluminiyam aluya amakhala ndi katundu wosautsa katundu, ndipo mphamvu yake yotentha ndi 60% yokha ya mphamvu yakumwamba. Chifukwa chophimba chosanjikiza cha al2o3 pa aluminium aluminim mawonekedwe, malo osungunuka a al2o3 ndi okwera, pomwe malo osungunuka a aluminium ndi otsika. Pamene aluminiyamu aluya amawalangilidwa, al2o3 pamwamba amayenera kuthyoka. Nthawi yomweyo, zotsalira za al2o3 zizikhala mu chilesi a aluminiyamu yankho, zomwe zimakhudza kapangidwe ka aluminiyamu ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya aluminiyamu. Chifukwa chake, popanga chidebe chonse-aluminiyamu, mikhalidweyi imaganiziridwa bwino. Kuwala ndiye njira yayikulu yoyang'anira, ndipo zinthu zazikulu zonyamula katundu ndizolumikizidwa ndi ma balts. Kulumikizana monga kapangidwe kake kokhazikika komanso kwa dovetail kumawonetsedwa mu chithunzi 5 ndi 6.
Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka thupi la mabokosi a aluminium amatengera kapangidwe kameneka ndi mitengo yopingasa, zipilala zopinga, mitengo yamiyala, ndi mitengo yamatumbo imalumikizidwa. Pali malo olumikizirana anayi pakati pa mtengo uliwonse wopingasa ndi mzati wofuula. Mfundo zolumikizira zimakwanira ndi ma gasker a serveur kupita ku mauna okhala ndi mtanda wa mtengo wopingasa, kupewa bwino. Mfundo zoyambira zisanu ndi zitatu zimalumikizidwa ndi zitsulo zolumikizidwa ndi zitsulo zokhazikika, zokhazikika ndi ma balts okhala ndi ma ritsing komanso zolimbikitsira ndi 5mm triamor mbale aluminium aluminium mkati mwanu. Kuwoneka kwakukunja kwa bokosilo sikunatenge kapena kuwulula mfundo, kuonetsetsa mawonekedwe onse a bokosilo.
3.4 sensonolofu yopatsa mphamvu
Tekinoloji yolumikizira ikuluinjiniya imagwiritsidwa ntchito pothetsa mavuto omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kupatuka kwakukulu kwa magawo omwe amafananira m'thupi ndi zovuta pakupeza zomwe zimayambitsa mipata ndi zolephera. Kudzera mu kusanthula kwa Cae (onani Chithunzi 7-8), kusanthula kofanizira kumachitika ndi matupi opangidwa ndi chitsulo kuti awone mphamvu zonse zam'matumbo, kupeza zofooka, ndikusintha njira zopangira bwino .
4. Kukula kwake kwamphamvu kwa aluminiyamu bokosi pagalimoto
Kuphatikiza pa bokosi la bokosi, ma aluminiyamu oyang'anira amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa chitsulo cholumikizira magalimoto, monga matope, zitseko zam'mbali, ndikuyambitsa kuchepetsedwa ya 30% mpaka 40% ya katundu wonyamula katundu. Kuchepetsa thupi kochepa kwa 4080mm × 2300mm domgo chideni chawonetsedwa mu tebulo 6. Izi zimayambitsa mavuto a kulemera kwambiri, osagwirizana ndi zilengezo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo.
Posintha zitsulo zachikhalidwe ndi aluminiyamu onjezerani zigawo za maofesi, osati zopepuka zabwino zomwe zingachitike, koma zimathandizanso kuti ndalama zopulumutsa thupi zitheke, kuchepa kwa mafuta, kuchepetsedwa, komanso magwiridwe antchito. Pakadali pano, pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana pa zomwe zopepuka zimasungidwa mafuta. Zotsatira zakufufuza za Aluminiyam Internamu Institute pa Chithunzi 9. Kuchepetsa kwa 10% mu kulemera kwagalimoto kumatha kuchepetsa mafuta ndi 6% mpaka 8%. Kutengera ziwerengero zapakhomo, kuchepetsa kulemera kwa galimoto iliyonse yokwera ndi 100 kg imatha kuchepetsa mafuta okwanira 0.4 l / 100 km. Kupereka kwa zopepuka kwa ndalama kumakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zofufuzira, choncho pali zosiyana. Komabe, zopepuka zamagetsi zimakhudzanso kuchepetsa kumwa mafuta.
Pa magetsi, zotsatira zopepuka zimatchulidwanso. Pakadali pano, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ndiyosiyana kwambiri ndi magalimoto amafuta amadzimadzi. Kulemera kwa dongosolo lamphamvu (kuphatikiza batire) yamagetsi nthawi zambiri maakaunti a 20% mpaka 30% ya kulemera kwathunthu kwagalimoto. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikuphwanya botolo la mabatire a mabatire ndi zovuta zapadziko lonse lapansi. Pamaso paukadaulo waukulu muukadaulo wambiri wa batire, wopepuka ndi njira yabwino yothandizira kusintha kwamagetsi. Pa kuchepetsa thupi 100 kg mu kulemera, kuphatikiza kwamagetsi kumatha kuwonjezeka ndi 6% mpaka 11% (ubale pakati pa kuchepa kwa thupi ndi kupanikizika kumawonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 10). Pakadali pano, kupanikizana kwa magetsi kumalepheretso sikungakwaniritse zosowa za anthu ambiri, koma kuchepetsa kulemera kwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zingathandize kwambiri mgwirizano, nkhawa zosiyanasiyana ndikusintha zomwe wagwiritsa ntchito.
5.Conction
Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe a aluminium a aluminium a aluminium a aluminiyam bokosilo oyambitsidwa m'nkhaniyi, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabatani a aluminium, aluminium spins + a aluminiyamu okhala ndi katundu wa alumini . Amakhala ndi maubwino olemera kwambiri, mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri, komanso kukana utoto wabwino, ndipo musafune utoto wa eastrophorec kuti muteteze utoto wa electrophorekic. Malumu a aluminiyamu a aluminiyamu bokosi makamaka amathetsa mavuto olemera kwambiri, osagwirizana ndi zilengezo, komanso zoopsa zachitsulo zopangidwa ndi chitsulo.
Kutayika ndi njira yofunikira yokonza aluminiyam emoys, ndi ma prite a aluminiyamu ali ndi katundu wabwino kwambiri, motero gawo lakuuma kwa zinthu ndilokwezeka. Chifukwa cha gawo losinthika, aluminiyam overlos amatha kukwaniritsa magawo angapo ogwira ntchito, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chabwino chopepuka. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kofala kwa aluminiyam snows kumakumana ndi zovuta monga mawonekedwe osakwanira a aluminiyamu mawonekedwe a cargo a aluminiyam cargo, popanga ndi kuwotcherera komanso kutuma kwatsopano ndi ndalama zambiri zopangira zinthu zatsopano. Chifukwa chachikulu chikadali kuti aluminium aluminiyamu chimakhala ndi zoposa chitsulo chisanachitike chilengedwe cha aluminiyam chimakhala chokhwima.
Pomaliza, ntchito ya aluminiyamu imadutsa magalimoto azikhala owonjezera, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kukupitilirabe. M'mabuku omwe amasunga mphamvu, kuchepa kwa mphamvu, ndikukula kwa ntchito yatsopano yamagetsi, ndikumvetsetsa bwino za aluminium a aluminium aluya
Zosinthidwa ndi Meying kuchokera ku Mat Aluminium
Post Nthawi: Jan-12-2024
