1. Mawu Oyamba
nkhungu ndi chida chofunika kwambiri zotayidwa mbiri extrusion. Pa profil extrusion process, nkhungu iyenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso kukangana kwakukulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, zingayambitse nkhungu, kupunduka kwa pulasitiki, ndi kuwonongeka kwa kutopa. Pazovuta kwambiri, zimatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa nkhungu.
2. Mafomu olephera ndi zomwe zimayambitsa nkhungu
2.1 Kulephera kwa kuvala
Kuvala ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu omwe amatsogolera kulephera kwa extrusion kufa, zomwe zidzapangitse kukula kwa mbiri ya aluminiyamu kukhala kunja kwa dongosolo ndi khalidwe lapamwamba kutsika. Pa extrusion, mbiri zotayidwa kukumana ndi lotseguka mbali ya nkhungu patsekeke kudzera extrusion zakuthupi pansi kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwambiri popanda kondomu processing. Mbali imodzi imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi ndege ya caliper strip, ndipo mbali inayo imajambula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mikangano yayikulu. Pamwamba pazitsulo ndi pamwamba pa lamba wa caliper amavala ndi kulephera. Pa nthawi yomweyi, panthawi yachisokonezo cha nkhungu, zitsulo zina za billet zimamatira kumalo ogwirira ntchito a nkhungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti geometry ya nkhungu isinthe ndipo sungagwiritsidwe ntchito, komanso imatengedwa ngati kulephera kuvala, komwe kumapangidwira. akuwonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a passivation wa m'mphepete kudula, m'mphepete mozungulira, ndege kumira, pamwamba grooves, peeling, etc.
Mtundu weniweni wa kuvala kwakufa umagwirizana ndi zinthu zambiri monga kuthamanga kwa mikangano, monga momwe mankhwala amapangidwira ndi makina a zinthu zakufa ndi billet yokonzedwa, kuuma kwapamwamba kwa kufa ndi billet, ndi kupanikizika, kutentha, ndi liwiro pa extrusion ndondomeko. Kuvala kwa aluminiyamu extrusion nkhungu makamaka kuvala matenthedwe, kuvala kwamafuta kumabwera chifukwa cha kukangana, kufewetsa pamwamba pazitsulo chifukwa cha kukwera kwa kutentha komanso pamwamba pa nkhungu yolumikizana. Pambuyo pa pamwamba pa nkhungu yofewa pa kutentha kwakukulu, kukana kwake kuvala kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Povala kutentha, kutentha ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza kuvala kwa kutentha. Kutentha kwapamwamba, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuvala kwa kutentha.
2.2 Kusintha kwa pulasitiki
The mapindikidwe pulasitiki a aluminiyamu mbiri extrusion kufa ndi kulolera ndondomeko kufa zitsulo zakuthupi.
Popeza kufa kwa extrusion kumakhala kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, ndi kukangana kwakukulu ndi chitsulo chotulutsidwa kwa nthawi yaitali pamene chikugwira ntchito, kutentha kwapamwamba kwa imfa kumawonjezeka ndipo kumayambitsa kufewetsa.
Pansi pa zinthu zolemetsa kwambiri, kusinthika kwakukulu kwa pulasitiki kudzachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lamba wantchitoyo agwe kapena kupanga ellipse, ndipo mawonekedwe a chinthu chopangidwa adzasintha. Ngakhale nkhunguyo sipanga ming'alu, idzalephera chifukwa kulondola kwa mawonekedwe a aluminiyamu sikungatsimikizidwe.
Komanso, pamwamba pa extrusion kufa ndi pansi kutentha kusiyana chifukwa mobwerezabwereza Kutentha ndi kuziziritsa, umene umabala alternating matenthedwe nkhawa za mavuto ndi psinjika padziko. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, microstructure imakhalanso ndi masinthidwe osiyanasiyana. Pansi pa izi kuphatikiza, kuvala kwa nkhungu ndi kusinthika kwa pulasitiki kudzachitika.
2.3 Kuwonongeka kwa kutopa
Kuwonongeka kwa kutopa kwamafuta ndi chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri za kulephera kwa nkhungu. Pamene mkangano zotayidwa ndodo amakumana ndi pamwamba pa extrusion kufa, pamwamba kutentha kwa zotayidwa ndodo limatuluka mofulumira kwambiri kuposa kutentha mkati, ndi compressive kupsyinjika kwaiye padziko chifukwa cha kukulitsa.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphamvu zokolola za nkhungu pamwamba zimachepa chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha. Pamene kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika kumaposa mphamvu ya zokolola za zitsulo pamwamba pa kutentha kofanana, kupsinjika kwa pulasitiki kumawonekera pamwamba. Mbiri ikachoka pa nkhungu, kutentha kwa pamwamba kumachepa. Koma kutentha mkati mwa mbiriyo kukadali kokwera, zovuta zolimba zimapangika.
Mofananamo, pamene kuwonjezeka kwa kupanikizika kwamphamvu kumaposa mphamvu ya zokolola za mbiri, zovuta za pulasitiki zidzachitika. Pamene kupsyinjika kwa nkhungu kumadutsa malire otanuka ndikulowa m'dera la pulasitiki, kudzikundikira pang'onopang'ono kwa tizilombo tating'ono tapulasitiki kungapangitse ming'alu ya kutopa.
Choncho, pofuna kupewa kapena kuchepetsa kutopa kuwonongeka kwa nkhungu, zipangizo zoyenera ziyenera kusankhidwa ndipo njira yoyenera yothandizira kutentha iyenera kutengedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuwongolera malo ogwiritsira ntchito nkhungu.
2.4 Kuwonongeka kwa nkhungu
Popanga kwenikweni, ming'alu imagawidwa m'madera ena a nkhungu. Pambuyo pa nthawi ina yautumiki, ming'alu yaying'ono imapangidwa ndipo pang'onopang'ono imakula mozama. Pambuyo pa ming'aluyo ikukula mpaka kukula kwake, mphamvu yonyamula katundu wa nkhungu idzafowoka kwambiri ndipo imayambitsa kupasuka. Kapena ma microcracks achitika kale panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha koyambirira ndi kukonza nkhungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhungu ichuluke ndikuyambitsa ming'alu yoyambirira panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.
Pankhani ya mapangidwe, zifukwa zazikulu zolephereka ndi mapangidwe a mphamvu ya nkhungu ndi kusankha kwa fillet radius pakusintha. Ponena za kupanga, zifukwa zazikuluzikulu ndizoyang'anitsitsa zakuthupi ndikuyang'anitsitsa kuuma kwapamwamba ndi kuwonongeka panthawi yokonza, komanso zotsatira za chithandizo cha kutentha ndi khalidwe la mankhwala pamwamba.
Pa ntchito, chidwi ayenera kuperekedwa kwa ulamuliro nkhungu preheating, extrusion chiŵerengero ndi kutentha ingot, komanso kulamulira extrusion liwiro ndi zitsulo mapindikidwe otaya.
3. Kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa nkhungu
Popanga mbiri ya aluminiyamu, mtengo wa nkhungu umakhala ndi gawo lalikulu la ndalama zopangira ma profil extrusion.
Ubwino wa nkhungu umakhudzanso mwachindunji ubwino wa mankhwala. Popeza zikhalidwe ntchito ya extrusion nkhungu mu mbiri extrusion kupanga ndi nkhanza kwambiri, m`pofunika mosamalitsa kulamulira nkhungu kuchokera kamangidwe ndi kusankha zinthu komaliza kupanga nkhungu ndi wotsatira ntchito ndi kukonza.
Makamaka pakupanga, nkhungu iyenera kukhala ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta ambiri, kutopa kwamafuta, kukana kuvala kwamafuta komanso kulimba kokwanira kukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa nkhungu ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.
3.1 Kusankha zinthu za nkhungu
The extrusion ndondomeko ya aluminiyamu mbiri ndi mkulu-kutentha, mkulu-katundu processing ndondomeko, ndi zotayidwa extrusion kufa ndi pansi pa zinthu zovuta ntchito.
The extrusion kufa ndi pansi kutentha kwambiri, ndi m'deralo pamwamba kutentha akhoza kufika madigiri 600 Celsius. Pamwamba pa extrusion kufa mobwerezabwereza usavutike mtima ndi utakhazikika, kuchititsa matenthedwe kutopa.
Mukatulutsa ma aluminiyamu aloyi, nkhunguyo iyenera kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu, kupindika ndi kumeta ubweya, zomwe zingayambitse kuvala zomatira ndi kuvala kwa abrasive.
Malinga ndi zikhalidwe ntchito ya extrusion kufa, zofunika katundu wa zinthu akhoza anatsimikiza.
Choyamba, zinthu ziyenera kukhala ndi ndondomeko yabwino. Zinthuzo ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kusungunula, kupangira, kukonza ndi kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthuzo ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuuma kwakukulu. Extrusion amafa zambiri ntchito pansi pa kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwambiri. Mukatulutsa ma aloyi a aluminiyamu, kulimba kwa zinthu zofera kutentha kumafunika kukhala wamkulu kuposa 1500MPa.
Iyenera kukhala ndi kukana kutentha kwakukulu, ndiko kuti, kukhoza kukana katundu wamakina pa kutentha kwakukulu panthawi ya extrusion. Iyenera kukhala yolimba kwambiri komanso kulimba kwa fracture pa kutentha kwabwino komanso kutentha kwambiri, kuteteza nkhungu kuti zisaphwanyike chifukwa cha zovuta kapena zochulukira.
Iyenera kukhala ndi kukana kwapamwamba kwambiri, ndiko kuti, pamwamba pake imatha kukana kuvala pansi pa kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali, kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutsekemera kosakwanira, makamaka pamene imatulutsa zitsulo za aluminiyamu, imatha kukana zitsulo zomatira ndi kuvala.
Kuwumitsa kwabwino kumafunika kuonetsetsa kuti makina apamwamba komanso ofanana pamagawo onse amtundu wa chida.
Mkulu matenthedwe madutsidwe chofunika mwamsanga dissipate kutentha padziko ntchito nkhungu chida kuteteza m'deralo overburning kapena kutaya kwambiri mawotchi mphamvu ya workpiece extruded ndi nkhungu palokha.
Iyenera kukhala ndi kukana kolimba kupsinjika kobwerezabwereza kwa cyclic, ndiko kuti, kumafunikira mphamvu zokhazikika kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa kutopa msanga. Iyeneranso kukhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso zinthu zabwino za nitridability.
3.2 Kupanga koyenera kwa nkhungu
Kukonzekera koyenera kwa nkhungu ndi gawo lofunikira pakukulitsa moyo wake wautumiki. Mapangidwe a nkhungu opangidwa bwino ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe kuthekera kwa kuphulika kwamphamvu ndi kupsinjika kwanthawi zonse pakagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, popanga nkhungu, yesetsani kupangitsa kupsinjika pagawo lililonse, ndipo samalani kuti mupewe ngodya zakuthwa, ngodya za concave, kusiyana kwa makulidwe a khoma, gawo lathyathyathya lalitali lopyapyala khoma, etc., kupewa kupsinjika kwambiri. Kenako, yambitsani kutentha kwa kutentha, kusweka ndi kusweka kapena kusweka kotentha koyambirira mukamagwiritsa ntchito, pomwe mapangidwe okhazikika amathandiziranso kusinthana kosungirako ndikukonza nkhungu.
3.3 Kupititsa patsogolo chithandizo cha kutentha ndi chithandizo chapamwamba
Moyo wautumiki wa extrusion kufa makamaka zimadalira mtundu wa chithandizo cha kutentha. Chifukwa chake, njira zapamwamba zochizira kutentha ndi njira zochizira kutentha komanso kulimbitsa thupi komanso kulimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale moyo wautumiki wa nkhungu.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chithandizo cha kutentha ndi njira zolimbikitsira pamwamba zimayendetsedwa mosamalitsa kuti zisawonongeke zowonongeka. Kusintha quenching ndi tempering ndondomeko magawo, kuonjezera chiwerengero cha pretreatment, kukhazikika mankhwala ndi tempering, kulabadira kulamulira kutentha, Kutentha ndi kuzirala kwambiri, ntchito TV quenching latsopano ndi kuphunzira njira zatsopano ndi zida zatsopano monga kulimbikitsa ndi toughening mankhwala ndi kulimbikitsa osiyanasiyana padziko. chithandizo, zimathandizira kupititsa patsogolo moyo wautumiki wa nkhungu.
3.4 Kupititsa patsogolo luso la kupanga nkhungu
Pa processing wa zisamere pachakudya, wamba processing njira monga mawotchi processing, kudula waya, magetsi kumaliseche processing, etc. Mawotchi processing ndi yofunika ndi yofunika ndondomeko processing nkhungu. Sizimangosintha maonekedwe a nkhungu, komanso zimakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa mbiriyo ndi moyo wautumiki wa nkhungu.
Kudula ma waya kumabowo ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukonza nkhungu. Imawongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikuwongolera kulondola, koma imabweretsanso zovuta zina zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati nkhungu yokonzedwa ndi kudula waya imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji kupanga popanda kutentha, slag, peeling, etc. idzachitika mosavuta, zomwe zidzachepetsa moyo wautumiki wa nkhungu. Chifukwa chake, kutenthetsa kokwanira kwa nkhungu pambuyo podula waya kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kupsinjika kwapamwamba, kuchepetsa kupsinjika kotsalira, ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa nkhungu.
Kupsinjika maganizo ndizomwe zimayambitsa nkhungu kusweka. Mkati mwa kukula komwe kumaloledwa ndi zojambulazo, kukula kwake kwa waya wodulira mawaya kumakhala bwinoko. Izi sikuti zimathandiza kusintha processing Mwachangu, komanso kwambiri bwino kugawa maganizo kupewa kupezeka maganizo ndende.
Magetsi kumaliseche Machining ndi mtundu wa magetsi dzimbiri Machining anachita ndi superposition wa zinthu vaporization, kusungunuka ndi Machining madzimadzi evaporation opangidwa pa kumaliseche. Vuto ndiloti chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kuzizira komwe kumagwira ntchito pa makina amadzimadzi ndi electrochemical zochita zamadzimadzi amadzimadzi, gawo losinthidwa limapangidwa mu gawo la makina kuti likhale ndi mavuto ndi nkhawa. Pankhani ya mafuta, ma atomu a kaboni amawola chifukwa cha kuyaka kwamafuta akufalikira ndi kubisala kumalo ogwirira ntchito. Pamene kupsinjika kwa matenthedwe kumawonjezeka, wosanjikiza wowonongekawo umakhala wofewa komanso wolimba ndipo umakonda kung'ambika. Nthawi yomweyo, kupsinjika kotsalira kumapangidwa ndikumangirizidwa ku workpiece. Izi zidzachepetsa mphamvu ya kutopa, kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono, kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri ndi zochitika zina. Choncho, pa processing ndondomeko, tiyenera kuyesetsa kupewa mavuto pamwamba ndi kusintha processing khalidwe.
3.5 Kusintha zinthu ntchito ndi zinthu extrusion ndondomeko
Mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ya extrusion kufa ndi osauka kwambiri, ndipo malo ogwira ntchito ndi oipa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kukonza njira ya extrusion ndikuwongolera magawo, ndikuwongolera malo ogwirira ntchito ndi malo ogwirira ntchito ndizopindulitsa pakuwongolera moyo wakufa. Choncho, pamaso extrusion, m'pofunika mosamala kupanga dongosolo extrusion, kusankha bwino zipangizo dongosolo ndi specifications, kupanga bwino extrusion ndondomeko magawo (monga extrusion kutentha, liwiro, extrusion coefficient ndi extrusion kuthamanga, etc.) ndi kusintha malo ogwirira ntchito pa extrusion (monga kuzirala kwa madzi kapena kuziziritsa kwa nayitrogeni, mafuta okwanira, etc.), motero kuchepetsa ntchito ya nkhungu (monga kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa extrusion, kuchepetsa kuzizira kwa kutentha ndi kusinthana katundu, etc.), kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza ndondomeko zoyendetsera ntchito ndi njira zotetezeka zogwiritsira ntchito.
4 Mapeto
Ndi chitukuko chamakampani opanga aluminiyamu, m'zaka zaposachedwa aliyense akufuna njira zabwinoko zopititsira patsogolo ntchito, kupulumutsa ndalama, ndikuwonjezera phindu. The extrusion die mosakayika ndi yofunika kulamulira node kupanga mbiri aluminiyamu.
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa aluminiyamu extrusion kufa. Kuwonjezera zinthu mkati monga kapangidwe kamangidwe ndi mphamvu ya kufa, kufa zipangizo, ozizira ndi matenthedwe processing ndi magetsi processing luso, kutentha mankhwala ndi pamwamba mankhwala luso, pali extruding ndondomeko ndi zinthu ntchito, kufa kukonza ndi kukonza, extrusion. Makhalidwe azinthu ndi mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe ndi kasamalidwe kasayansi kakufa.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, chikoka zinthu si limodzi, koma zovuta Mipikisano chinthu mabuku vuto, kusintha moyo wake kumene ndi vuto mwadongosolo, mu kupanga kwenikweni ndi ntchito ndondomeko, ayenera kukhathamiritsa kamangidwe. processing nkhungu, ntchito yokonza ndi mbali zina zazikulu za ulamuliro, ndiyeno kusintha moyo utumiki nkhungu, kuchepetsa mtengo kupanga, kusintha dzuwa.
Adasinthidwa ndi May Jiang kuchokera ku MAT Aluminium
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-14-2024
