Panthawi yopitilira muyeso ya aluminiyamu iloy zida zopezeka, makamaka aluminium a aluminium, chilema cha "chododometsa" nthawi zambiri chimachitika pamtunda. Mawonekedwe enieniwo amaphatikizapo zotupa zazing'ono kwambiri zokhala ndi ma sungunuka osiyanasiyana, zojambula, ndi dzanja zomveka bwino, ndikumverera koponya. Pambuyo makuti oxidation kapena electrophorec pachimake, nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati ma granules akuda amatsatira pamwamba pazogulitsa.
Popanga maluso akuluakulu a servied Mbiri yakale ya Alkali, makamaka alkali alksing njira, pomwe tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri tokhala ndi tinthu tomwe timakhalabe pachithunzichi, ndikukhumba mawonekedwe a chinthu chomaliza.
Pakhomo wamba pazenera ndi zojambulajambula zazenera, makasitomala nthawi zambiri amavomereza zofooka zazing'ono zomwe zimafunikira zokongoletsera ndi zokongoletsera kapena kutsimikizika kwambiri pa zokongoletsera, makasitomala nthawi zambiri samavomereza chilema ichi. osagwirizana ndi mtundu wosiyana.
Pofuna kusanthula mapangidwe a tinthu tating'onoting'ono, morphology ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zopunduka mosiyanasiyana ndi njira zochulukitsira zidasanthula, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa chilema ndi matrix kudayerekezedwa. Njira yabwino yothetsera tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tinayikidwa patsogolo, ndipo kuyesa koyesedwa kunachitika.
Kuthetsa zolakwika za maluso, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mapangidwe amakina olakwika. Panthawi yotuluka, aluminiyamu kumata za Belt yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yoyambitsa zofooka pamtunda wa zotayika za aluminium. Izi ndichifukwa choti zotamandika za aluminiyamu zimachitika kutentha kwambiri kwa 450 ° C. Ngati zotsatirapo za kuwonongeka kwa kutentha ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kumawonjezeredwa, kutentha kwachitsulo chidzakhala pamwamba pomwe chimatuluka mu dzenje. Pamene malonda amatuluka mu dzenje lofa, chifukwa kutentha kwambiri, pali phenomenon wa aluminiyamu kumamatira pakati pa chitsulo ndi lamba wogwira ntchito.
Mtundu wa kulumikizana uku nthawi zambiri: Njira Yogwirizira Yobwereza - Kugwedeza - Kugwirizanitsa - kuwononganso, ndipo malonda amapita patsogolo, chifukwa cha maenje ambiri padziko lapansi.
Phenomenon yolumikizira iyi ikukhudzana ndi zinthu monga mtundu wa lamba, mawonekedwe a lamba wogwira ntchito, wopitilira muyeso, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa chitsulo.
1 Zida ndi Njira
Kudzera kafukufuku woyambilira, tinaphunzira kuti zinthu monga chipembedzo choyera, nkhungu, njira zopitilira, zosakaniza, zosakaniza, ndi mikhalidwe yopanga zigawo zitha kukhudza tinthu tambiri. Poyesedwa, ndodo ziwiri za aloot, 6005a ndi 6060, zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitheke gawo lomweli. Morphology ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zofuula zomwe zidasanthula zomwe zidasanthula mwachindunji kuwerenga mwachindunji njira zowerengera ndi sem, ndikuyerekeza ndi matrix ozungulira.
Pofuna kusiyanitsa momveka bwino za mafetero a zilema ziwirizi zokhutira ndi tinthu, zimafotokozedwa motere:
. Chilema chimayamba kuchokera ku chingwe cha masitepe ndipo chimatha ndi chilema chotsika, kudziunjikira mu nyemba zachitsulo kumapeto kwa mzere. Kukula kwa chilema cholumikizira nthawi zambiri, ndipo chimasanduka chakuda chakuda pambuyo mankhwala oxidation, omwe pamapeto pake amakhudza mawonekedwe a mbiriyo, monga akuwonetsera mozungulira.
(2) Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatchedwanso nyemba zachitsulo kapena tinthu a Adsorption. Pamwamba pa mbiri ya aluminiyamu iloy imalumikizidwa ndi tinthu tazikulu zowoneka bwino komanso zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe otayirira. Pali mitundu iwiri ya aluminiyamu a aluminiyamu a alloy: zomwe zitha kupumulidwa ndi zomwe sizingathetsedwe. Kukula kwake kumakhala kochepera 0,5mm, ndipo kumamverera kukhudzidwa. Palibe chiwonetsero chakutsogolo. Pambuyo oxidation, sichosiyana kwambiri ndi matrix, monga akuwonetsera mu bwalo lachifumu mu Chithunzi 1.
Zotsatira ziwiri mayeso ndi kusanthula
2.1 Kukoka zolakwika
Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa microstrucructical morphology ya chilema cha kukoka pamwamba pa 6005a alloy. Pali zingwe zamitundu yofanana ndi mbali ya kukoka, ndipo imatha ndi zotupa. Pambuyo pa mautuwo atawoneka, nkhope imabwerera kukhala yabwinobwino. Komwe kuli chilema cha ntchapuni sikunathe kukhudzako, ali ndi malingaliro akuthwa, ndikumatsatira kapena kudziunjikira pa mbiriyo. Kudzera muyeso wopitilira, adawonedwa kuti kukoka Morphology ya 6005a ndi 6066 yokhala ndi 60660 yopanda tanthauzo, ndipo mchira wambiri wa malonda ndi woposa mutu. Kusiyanaku ndikuti kukula kwathunthu kwa 6005a ndi kocheperako ndipo kuyatsidwa kumafota. Izi zitha kugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka alyoy, kuponyera ndodo, ndi mawonekedwe. Kuwona pansi pa 100x, pali zikwangwani zodziwikiratu kumapeto kwa malo okoka, komwe kumayambira kutsogolo, ndipo mawonekedwe a tinthu omaliza ndi osakhazikika. Pa 500x, kumapeto kwa kukoka kumangokhala ndi zipsera zopitilira muyeso (kukula kwa chilemachi kuli pafupifupi 120 μm), ndipo pali zizindikiro zowoneka bwino pamchira.
Pofuna kusanthula zomwe zimayambitsa kukoka, kuwerenga mwachindunji ndi Edx kunagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana gawo pa malo operewera ndi matrix atatu. Gome 1 ikuwonetsa zotsatira za mbiri ya 6005a. Zotsatira za Edx zikuwonetsa kuti kapangidwe kake ka malo okoka tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi ofanana ndi matrix. Kuphatikiza apo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tikulungidwira komanso kunyamula chilema, ndipo kulengedwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuli ndi C, o (kapena cl), kapena ph, ndi s.
Kusanthula zolakwika za 6005 Zomwe zimapangidwa pafupi ndi al matrix, ndipo padzakhala magawo okhala ndi matenda, si, c, ndi ogawidwa mozungulira. Zikuwonetsa kuti mawonekedwe opanga ma exos atatu ali ofanana.
Panthawi yotuluka, mikangano yoyaka yachitsulo imayambitsa kutentha kwa lamba wogwira ntchito kuti awuke, ndikupanga "chomata aluminiyamu wosanjikiza" pamphepete mwa khomo la lamba. Nthawi yomweyo, zowonjezera sikiti ndi zinthu zina monga MN ndi cr mu aluminiyam sloy ndizosavuta kusintha njira zokwanira ndi ma pre, omwe angalimbikitse mapangidwe a "kusanjikiza aluminiyamu" pakhomo la oyendayenda.
Pamene zitsulo zimayenda kutsogolo ndikuthana ndi lamba wogwira ntchito, cholumikizira cholumikizira mosalekeza chimachitika pamalo ena, ndikupangitsa zitsulo kuti zikhale zopitilira muyeso. Tikafika pamlingo winawake, idzachotsedwa ndi maluwa ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe pa chitsulo. Imakhalabe pamtunda wachitsulo ndikukoka tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumapeto kwa zikwangwani. Chifukwa chake, zitha kulingaliridwa kuti mapangidwe a tinthu opanga makamaka makamaka okhudzana ndi aluminiyamu kumamatira ku lamba wogwira ntchito moder. Mitundu yogawidwayo yomwe imagawidwa mozungulira mafuta imatha kuthira mafuta, oxide kapena tinthu ting'onoting'ono, komanso zonyansa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ingwo.
Komabe, chiwerengero cha kukoka mu 6005a zotsatira zoyeserera ndi zocheperako ndipo digiri yake ndi yopepuka. Kumbali imodzi, chifukwa cha kuwongolera kutuluka kwa lamba wogwira ntchito ndi kupukuta mosamala kwa lamba wogwira ntchito kuti muchepetse makulidwe a aluminiyamu; Komabe, zimakhudzana ndi zomwe zawonjezera.
Malinga ndi zomwe mwawerenga mwachindunji, zitha kuwoneka kuti kuwonjezera pa SI mg1si, siyi yotsala imawoneka ngati chinthu chosavuta.
2.2 tinthu tating'onoting'ono
Pansi pamaonekedwe otsika, tinthu tating'onoting'ono (≤0.5mm), osati yosalala, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe akuthwa, ndikutsatira mawonekedwe a mbiriyo. Anawona pansi pa 100x, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tofalitsidwapo ndi anthu ambiri, ndipo pali tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayankhulidwapo ngakhale zitakhala kuti pali zingwe zokanga kapena ayi;
Pofika 500x, zilibe kanthu kaya zingwe zowoneka bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha malangizo ochokera m'mayiko, tinthu tambiri timalumikizidwabe, ndipo kukula kwa tinthu kumasiyanasiyana. Kukula kwakukulu kwambiri ndi pafupifupi 15 μm, ndipo tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi pafupifupi 5 μm.
Mwa kusanthula kwa mapangidwe a 6060 a Inoy Particles ndi matrix, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timapangidwa ndi o, C, ndi kufooka, ndipo zigawo za aluminiyamu ndizochepa kwambiri. Pafupifupi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tinali ndi ma a o ndi C. Kuphatikizika kwa tinthu chilichonse kumakhala kosiyana pang'ono. Pakati pawo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timayandikira ku 10 μm, yomwe imakwera kwambiri kuposa matrix s, mg, ndi o; Mu c tizigawo a C, si, o, ndipo mawu akuwoneka bwino; Tinthu tating'ono d ndipo f zimakhala ndi zazitali, inu, ndi n; tinthu ta tinthu tating'ono to timakhala ndi si, ndi o; Magawo a H Tilt ndi ma fe-ophatikizana. Zotsatira za tinthu 6060 ndizofanana ndi izi, koma chifukwa ndi zanzeru mu 6060 pawokha ndizochepa, zofananira ndi zida zofananira zomwe zili pansi ndizotsika; The c Let mu 6060 tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
Ma tinthu tating'onoting'ono sangakhale tinthu tating'onoting'ono, koma zitha kukhalanso ngati mitundu yambiri ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana, ndipo misa yamafuta osiyanasiyana mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono zimasiyana. Amakhulupirira kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono timapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri. Imodzi ndiyothamanga monga Alfsind SI, zomwe zimachokera ku ma proses odetsa monga Feal3 kapena AlFei (Mn) mu inglote njira. Zina ndi nkhani yakunja.
2.3 zotsatira za mawonekedwe a ingnot
Pa mayeso, zidapezeka kuti kumbuyo kwa ndodo ya 6005a yomwe inali yoyipa ndikuwuma ndi fumbi. Panali ndodo ziwiri zoponyera ndi chimbudzi champhamvu kwambiri m'malo ophatikizika, zomwe zimafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa zochulukirapo pambuyo powonjezera, ndipo kukula kwa kukoka kamodzi kunali kokulirapo, monga tikuonera pa Chithunzi 7.
Ndodo ya 6005a yomwe ili ilibe chiwombacho, chomwechonso chimakhala chotsika ndipo chiwerengero cha zokoka chimachepetsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa kulibe kudula kochulukirapo komwe kumaphatikizidwa ndi ndodo yoponyedwa, Ch yomwe ili mu tinthu tofanane zimachepetsedwa. Amatsimikiziridwa kuti zikwangwani za ndodo yoponyedwa zimakulitsa kukoka ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokha.
Kukambirana
(1) Zigawozo zimakoka zolakwika ndizofanana ndi matrix. Ndi tinthu tating'ono tomwe timakhala pamwamba pa ingwo ndi zidenga zina zomwe zimapezeka m'mbuyomo lamba. Pamene mankhwalawa amayenda kutsogolo, zingwe zapamwamba zimayambitsidwa, ndipo zikakhala kuti zopangidwa ndi kukula kwake, zimatulutsidwa ndi malonda kuti apange kukoka. Pambuyo pokoka, kukoka kunaphwanyidwa, chifukwa cha kukula kwake, panali chilema champhondo pamenepo.
(2) Nthawi zina tinthu tating'onoting'ono timawoneka ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhalamo. Zopangidwa zawo mwachiwonekere ndizosiyana ndi za matrix, ndipo makamaka imakhala ndi O, C, Fe, ndi zigawo za SI. Ena mwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono timalamuliridwa ndi O ndi C zinthu, ndipo tinthu ena timalamulidwa ndi O, C, Fe, ndi SI. Chifukwa chake, idapangidwira kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timachokera ku magwero awiri: imodzi imakhala yozungulira ngati Alfosi ndi zolengedwa zoyipa monga o ndi c atsatira pamwamba; Zina ndi nkhani yakunja. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timakhala kutali ndi oxidation. Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo, alibe kapena pang'ono.
. Zigawo zikuluzikulu za mafuta odzola ndi c, o, h, s, etc., ndipo gawo lalikulu lafunsi ndi Sio2. O zomwe zakhala ndi ma cell apamwamba nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa ma tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala otentha mutatha kusiya lamba wogwira ntchito, ndipo chifukwa cha malo ambiri a tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi ma oxidation mutakumana ndi o zomwe zili kuposa matrix.
. Chinthu champhamvu chimachokera ku FE mu aluminiyamu a aluminiyamu a aluminiyamu a aluminiyamu a aluminiyamu mawonekedwe monga Feal3 kapena Alfosi (Mn), zomwe sizingasinthidwe kwathunthu; SI ilipo mu aluminiyamu matrix mu mawonekedwe a mg2si kapena okhazikika njira yotsimikizika ya si nthawi yoponyera. Pa nthawi yotuluka kwambiri ya ndodo yoponyedwa, siyikulu. Kusungunuka kwa SI ku Aluminium ndi 0.48% pa 450 ° ° Zolemba zowonjezera mu 6005 ili pafupifupi 0,41%, ndipo sI yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi siggred ndi mpweya woyambitsidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa chidwi.
. Kutayika kumafa ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso malo apamwamba kwambiri. Chitsulo chowoneka bwino chimawonjezera kutentha kwa lamba wa nkhungu wa nkhungu, ndikupanga "chomata aluminiyamu wosanjikiza" podula khomo la lamba.
Nthawi yomweyo, zowonjezera sikiti ndi zinthu zina monga MN ndi cr mu aluminiyam sloy ndizosavuta kusintha njira zokwanira ndi ma pre, omwe angalimbikitse mapangidwe a "kusanjikiza aluminiyamu" pakhomo la oyendayenda. Zitsulo zoyenda kudzera mu "wosanjikiza womata aluminiyam wosanjikiza" ndi wa mikangano yamkati (yodumphadumpha mkati mwa chitsulo). Zitsulo zotchinga ndi zolimba chifukwa cha kukangana kwamkati, komwe kumalimbikitsa chitsulo chokhazikikacho komanso nkhungu kuti igwirizane. Nthawi yomweyo, lamba wogwira naye ntchito amawonongeka kukhala lipenga chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa, ndipo ma aluminayamu omata alumini adapangidwa ndi gawo lodula lamba wogwirira kubera mbiriyo ndi ofanana ndi kudula kwa chida chosintha.
Kupanga kwa ma aluminiyamu omata ndi njira yamphamvu yakukula ndi kukhetsa. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timatulutsa ndi mbiriyo. Ngati imayenda molunjika mu lamba wogwira ntchito ndipo nthawi yomweyo imapangitsa kuti pakhale chithunzithunzi cha mbiriyo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatsekereza kumtunda kumatchedwa "ADSRORAPPTION". Ngati tinthu ena tidzathyoledwa ndi aluminiyamu a aluminiyamu a aluya, tinthu tambiri tidzakhala pamwamba pa lamba wogwira ntchito podutsa lamba wa ntchitoyo, ndikuyika zingwe pamtunduwu. Kutha kwa mchira ndi ma aluminiyamu matrix. Pakakhala ma aluminiyamu ambiri omwe amakhala pakati pa lamba wa ntchito (chomangiracho ndi champhamvu), chiwonjezera zingwe zoyambira.
(6) Kuthamanga kopitilira muyeso kumakhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri pakukoka. Kutengera kuthamanga. Monga momwe Alloy 6005 imakhudzidwa, liwiro likuchulukirachulukira mkati mwa mayeso, kutentha kwa malo okoka kumawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumawonjezeka. Kuthamanga kumayenera kusungidwa ngati khola momwe mungathere kuti mupewe kusintha kwadzidzidzi. Kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti kusokonezeke ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Njira inayake yothandizira kuthamanga pa liwiro lokoka pazinthu zokoka pamafunika kutsatira zomwe pambuyo pake ndizotsimikizika.
. Pamwamba pa ndodo yoponyedwa ndi yoyipa, yokhala ndi matope, madontho amafuta, fumbi, chilengedwe, etc.
Mapeto
(1) Kupanga zolakwika kumagwirizana ndi matrix; Kuphatikizika kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono mwachionekere ndi chosiyana ndi matrix, makamaka okhala ndi o, c, Fe, ndi zigawo za SI.
. Zinthu zilizonse zomwe zimalimbikitsa aluminiyamu kumamatira ku lamba wogwira ntchito wogwira ntchito kumayambitsa zolakwika. Pamalo owonetsetsa kuti ndodo yoponyedwa, mbadwo wakukoka tinthu tating'onoting'ono sikukhudza kufotokozera kwa Alloy.
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Post Nthawi: Sep-10-2024
