1. Zinthu za Macroscopic Zomwe Zimathandizira Kupanga Mng'alu
1.1 Pakuponyera kosalekeza, madzi ozizira amawapopera mwachindunji pamwamba pa ingot, kupanga kutentha kwakukulu mkati mwa ingot. Izi zimabweretsa kutsika kosagwirizana pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana, kumayambitsa kuletsana ndikuyambitsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha. Pansi pazovuta zina, kupsinjika kumeneku kungayambitse kusweka kwa ingot.
1.2 Popanga mafakitale, kusweka kwa ingot kumachitika nthawi yoyambira kapena kumayambira ngati ma microcracks omwe pambuyo pake amafalikira pakuzizira, komwe kumatha kufalikira mu ingot yonse. Kuphatikiza pa kusweka, zolakwika zina monga kutsekera kozizira, kupotoza, ndi kupachikidwa zimatha kuchitikanso panthawi yoyamba yoponyera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuponya.
1.3 Kutengeka kwa kuzizira kwachindunji kung'ambika kotentha kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala, ma aloyi owonjezera, ndi kuchuluka kwa zoyenga zambewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
1.4 Kutentha kwamphamvu kwa alloys kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kumapangitsa kupanga ma voids ndi ming'alu. mapangidwe awo ndi kugawa anatsimikiza ndi zinthu alloying, Sungunulani zitsulo khalidwe, ndi theka-yopitirira kuponya magawo. Makamaka, ma ingoti akulu akulu a 7xxx ma aloyi a aluminiyamu amakonda kung'ambika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zopangira ma aloyi, mizere yolimba yolimba, kupsinjika kwakukulu, kugawanika kwa makutidwe ndi zinthu za aloyi, kusachita bwino kwazitsulo, komanso kutsika pang'ono kutentha.
1.5 Kafukufuku wawonetsa kuti minda yamagetsi ndi ma alloying (kuphatikiza zoyenga tirigu, ma alloying akuluakulu, ndi kufufuza zinthu) zimakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a microstructure ndi kusweka kotentha kwa ma semi-continuous cast 7xxx alloys.
1.6 Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha zovuta za 7050 aluminium alloy ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zosavuta zotsekemera, kusungunuka kumakonda kuyamwa kwambiri haidrojeni. Izi, kuphatikizapo oxide inclusions, zimabweretsa kukhalapo kwa gasi ndi inclusions, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti hydrogen yambiri ikhale yosungunuka. Zomwe zili ndi haidrojeni zakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokhudza zotsatira zowunikira, machitidwe osweka, komanso kutopa kwa zida zosinthidwa. Choncho, pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya hydrogen kukhalapo mu kusungunula, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito adsorption TV ndi kusefera-kuyenga zipangizo kuchotsa haidrojeni ndi inclusions ena kusungunula kupeza kwambiri oyeretsedwa aloyi kusungunuka.
2. Zomwe Zimayambitsa Mng'alu Zosawoneka Zosawoneka
2.1 Kuphulika kotentha kwa Ingot kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kulimba kwa shrinkage, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndi kukula kofunikira kwa malo a mushy. Ngati kukula kwa mushy zone kupitirira malire ovuta, kusweka kotentha kudzachitika.
2.2 Nthawi zambiri, njira yolimba ya aloyi ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo angapo: kudyetsa chochuluka, kudyetsa interdendritic, kulekana kwa dendrite, ndi dendrite bridging.
2.3 Panthawi yolekanitsa dendrite, mikono ya dendrite imakhala yodzaza kwambiri ndipo kutuluka kwa madzi kumachepetsedwa ndi kugwedezeka kwa pamwamba. The permeability wa mushy zone yafupika, ndi okwanira kulimba shrinkage ndi matenthedwe nkhawa kungayambitse microporosity kapena ming'alu otentha.
2.4 Mu dendrite bridging stage, ndi madzi ochepa okha omwe amatsalira pamagulu atatu. Pakadali pano, zinthu zolimba zolimba zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso pulasitiki, ndipo kukwapula kolimba ndi njira yokhayo yolipirira kuchepa kwamphamvu komanso kupsinjika kwamafuta. Magawo awiriwa ndi omwe amatha kupanga shrinkage voids kapena ming'alu yotentha.
3. Kukonzekera kwa Ingots Zapamwamba Zapamwamba Zotengera Njira Zopangira Crack
3.1 Zingwe zazikulu za slab nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa ming'alu yapamtunda, porosity yamkati, ndi inclusions, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri machitidwe amakina panthawi ya alloy solidified.
3.2 Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi alloy panthawi yolimba zimadalira kwambiri mawonekedwe amkati, kuphatikizapo kukula kwa tirigu, ma hydrogen, ndi milingo yophatikizika.
3.3 Pazitsulo za aluminiyamu zokhala ndi ma dendritic, gawo lachiwiri la dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) limakhudza kwambiri makina onse ndi ndondomeko yolimba. Finer SDAS imatsogolera ku mapangidwe am'mbuyomu a porosity ndi tizigawo tating'ono ta porosity, kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwakukulu pakusweka kotentha.
3.4 Zowonongeka monga interdendritic shrinkage voids ndi inclusions zimafooketsa kwambiri kulimba kwa chigoba cholimba ndipo zimachepetsa kwambiri kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kumafunika kuphulika kotentha.
3.5 Grain morphology ndi chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri cha microstructural chomwe chimayambitsa kusweka kotentha. Mbeu zikasintha kuchokera ku columnar dendrites kupita ku globular equiaxed njere, aloyiyo imawonetsa kutentha kocheperako komanso kuwongolera kwamadzimadzi a interdendritic, komwe kumachepetsa kukula kwa pore. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zabwino kwambiri zimatha kuthana ndi zovuta zazikulu komanso zovuta komanso kuwonetsa njira zovuta zofalitsira ming'alu, motero zimachepetsa chizolowezi chong'aluka chotentha.
3.6 Pakupanga kothandiza, kukhathamiritsa kusungunula ndi njira zoponyera-monga kuwongolera mosamalitsa kuphatikizika ndi ma hydrogen, komanso kapangidwe ka tirigu-kutha kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwamkati kwa ma slab ingots kuti aphwanye otentha. Kuphatikizika ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa zida zopangira zida ndi njira zogwirira ntchito, njirazi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola zambiri, zazikulu, zopangira ma slab apamwamba kwambiri.
4. Kukonza Mbewu za Ingot
7050 aluminiyamu aloyi makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri ya oyenga tirigu: Al-5Ti-1B ndi Al-3Ti-0.15C. Kafukufuku wofananiza pakugwiritsa ntchito pamzere wa oyenga awa akuwonetsa:
Ma Ingots a 4.1 oyengedwa ndi Al-5Ti-1B amawonetsa kukula kwake kakang'ono kambewu ndikusintha kofananako kuchokera pamphepete mwa ingot kupita pakati. Chosanjikiza cha coarse-grained ndi chocheperako, ndipo zotsatira zake zonse zoyenga mbewu zimakhala zamphamvu kudutsa ingot.
4.2 Pamene zida zoyengedwa kale ndi Al-3Ti-0.15C zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mphamvu yoyenga mbewu ya Al-5Ti-1B imachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera kuwonjezera kwa Al-Ti-B kupitilira nsonga inayake sikukulitsa kuwongolera kwambewu. Chifukwa chake, zowonjezera za Al-Ti-B siziyenera kupitilira 2 kg / t.
4.3 Ingots yoyengedwa ndi Al-3Ti-0.15C imakhala ndi njere zabwino, zowoneka bwino. Kukula kwa njere kumakhala kofanana m'lifupi mwake mwa slab. Kuphatikiza kwa 3-4 kg / t ya Al-3Ti-0.15C ndikothandiza pakukhazikika kwazinthu.
4.4 Makamaka, pamene Al-5Ti-1B imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 7050 alloy, TiB₂ tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakonda kugawanika ku filimu ya oxide pamtunda wa ingot pansi pa kuzizira kofulumira, kupanga masango omwe amatsogolera kupanga slag. Panthawi ya kulimba kwa ingot, masangowa amaphwanyidwa mkati kuti apange mikwingwirima yofanana ndi groove, kusintha kugwedezeka kwa pamwamba kwa kusungunuka. Izi kumawonjezera kusungunuka mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi amachepetsa fluidity, amenenso amalimbikitsa mng'alu mapangidwe m'munsi mwa nkhungu ndi ngodya ya yotakata ndi yopapatiza nkhope za ingot. Izi zimakulitsa kwambiri chizolowezi chosweka ndipo zimasokoneza zokolola za ingot.
4.5 Poganizira za kupanga kwa 7050 alloy, kapangidwe kambewu kazinthu zofananira zapakhomo ndi zapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso mtundu wa zinthu zomalizidwa zomaliza, Al-3Ti-0.15C imakondedwa ngati choyenga chambewu chapaintaneti poponya 7050 alloy-pokhapokha ngati pali zinthu zina.
5. Makhalidwe Okonza Mapira a Al-3Ti-0.15C
5.1 Choyenga chambewu chikawonjezedwa pa 720 ° C, njere zake zimakhala ndi zomangira zokhala ndi zigawo zina ndipo ndizomwe zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kukula kwake.
5.2 Ngati kusungunula kwachitika motalika kwambiri mutatha kuwonjezera choyenga (monga kupitirira mphindi 10), kukula kwa dendritic kumakula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zikhale zolimba.
5.3 Pamene kuchuluka kwa zoyenga zambewu ndi 0.010% mpaka 0.015%, mbewu zabwino zofananira zimakwaniritsidwa.
5.4 Kutengera ndi mafakitale a 7050 aloyi, mikhalidwe yabwino yoyenga mbewu ndi: kuwonjezera kutentha mozungulira 720 ° C, nthawi yochokera kuwonjezera mpaka kulimba komaliza kumayendetsedwa mkati mwa mphindi 20, ndi kuchuluka kwa oyenga pafupifupi 0.01-0.015% (3-4 kg / t ya Al-3Ti-0.15C).
5.5 Ngakhale kusiyanasiyana kwa kukula kwa ingot, nthawi yonse kuyambira pakuwonjezera choyenga chambewu mutatha kutuluka, kudzera mumzere, mumphika, ndi nkhungu, mpaka kulimba komaliza ndi mphindi 15-20.
5.6 M'mafakitale, kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa oyeretsa tirigu kupitirira chiwerengero cha Ti cha 0.01% sikumawonjezera kukonzanso kwambewu. M'malo mwake, kuwonjezera mochulukira kumabweretsa kulemeretsa kwa Ti ndi C, ndikuwonjezera mwayi wazovuta zakuthupi.
5.7 Mayesero pa malo osiyanasiyana—degas inlet, degas outlet, ndi poyatsira—amasonyeza kusiyana kochepa pa kukula kwa tirigu. Komabe, kuwonjezera woyenga mwachindunji pa kuponyera ufa popanda kusefera kumaonjezera ngozi ya zolakwika pa akupanga anayendera kukonzedwa zipangizo.
5.8 Kuonetsetsa kuti tirigu woyengedwa bwino komanso kupewa kuchulukidwa kwa woyenga, woyenga wambewu ayenera kuwonjezeredwa polowera njira yochotsera mpweya.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-16-2025
