Reuters ikuwoneka kuti ili ndi magwero abwino kwambiri mkati mwa Tesla. Mu lipoti la Seputembara 14, 2023, akuti anthu osakwana 5 adauza kampaniyo kuti ikuyandikira cholinga chake choponya pansi pamagalimoto ake chidutswa chimodzi. Die casting ndi njira yosavuta. Pangani nkhungu, mudzaze ndi chitsulo chosungunuka, chisiyeni chizizire, chotsani nkhungu, ndi voila! Instant galimoto. Zimagwira ntchito bwino ngati mukupanga magalimoto a Tinkertoys kapena Matchbox, koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri ngati mungayese kuzigwiritsa ntchito kupanga magalimoto akulu akulu.
Magareta a Conestoga anamangidwa pamwamba pa mafelemu opangidwa ndi matabwa. Magalimoto akale ankagwiritsanso ntchito mafelemu amatabwa. Henry Ford atapanga mzere woyamba wa msonkhano, chizolowezi chinali kupanga magalimoto pamakwerero - njanji ziwiri zachitsulo zomangidwa pamodzi ndi zidutswa zopingasa. Galimoto yoyamba yopanga unibody inali Citroen Traction Avant mu 1934, yotsatiridwa ndi Chrysler Airflow chaka chotsatira.
Magalimoto amtundu uliwonse alibe chimango pansi pake. M'malo mwake, thupi lachitsulo limapangidwa ndi kupangidwa m'njira yoti likhoza kuthandizira kulemera kwa drivetrain ndikuteteza okhalamo pakagwa ngozi. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1950, opanga ma automaker, olimbikitsidwa ndi zopanga zatsopano zomwe makampani aku Japan monga Honda ndi Toyota adasintha, adasintha kupanga magalimoto omwe ali ndi magudumu akutsogolo.
Sitima yonse yamagetsi, yodzaza ndi injini, kutumiza, kusiyanitsa, ma driveshafts, ma struts, ndi mabuleki, idayikidwa papulatifomu ina yomwe idakwezedwa m'malo kuchokera pansi pamzere wa msonkhano, m'malo mogwetsa injini ndikutumiza kuchokera pamwamba panjirayo. zinachitikira magalimoto omangidwa pa chimango. Chifukwa chakusintha? Nthawi yosonkhanitsa mwachangu zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mtengo wa unit uchepe.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, ukadaulo wa unibody unkakondedwa pamagalimoto otchedwa chuma pomwe mafelemu a makwerero anali kusankha kwa ma sedan akuluakulu ndi ngolo. Panali ma hybrids osakanizidwa - magalimoto okhala ndi njanji kutsogolo zomangidwira m'chipinda chopanda munthu aliyense. Chevy Nova ndi MGB zinali zitsanzo za izi, zomwe sizinatenge nthawi yaitali.
Tesla Pivots Pakuponya Kwamphamvu Kwambiri
Tesla, yemwe wapanga chizolowezi chosokoneza momwe magalimoto amapangidwira, adayamba kuyesa kuthamangitsa kwambiri zaka zingapo zapitazo. Choyamba chinayang'ana pakupanga mapangidwe akumbuyo. Itafika pomwepa, idasinthiratu kupanga mawonekedwe akutsogolo. Tsopano, malinga ndi magwero, Tesla akuyang'ana kwambiri kukakamiza kutsogolo, pakati, ndi kumbuyo zigawo zonse mu ntchito imodzi.
Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa njira zachikhalidwe zopangira zimagwiritsa ntchito masitampu opitilira 400 omwe amafunikira kuwotcherera, kukulungidwa, kukulungidwa, kapena kumata pamodzi kuti apange mawonekedwe amodzi. Ngati Tesla atha kuchita izi, mtengo wake wopanga ukhoza kuchepetsedwa mpaka 50 peresenti. Izi zidzayika chitsenderezo chachikulu kwa wopanga wina aliyense kuti ayankhe kapena kupeza kuti sangathe kupikisana.
Sizikunena kuti opangawo akumva kuthedwa nzeru kuchokera kumbali zonse pomwe ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe a uppity akugubuduza zipata ndikufuna kagawo kakang'ono ka phindu lililonse lomwe akupezabe.
Terry Woychowsk, yemwe adagwira ntchito ku General Motors kwazaka makumi atatu, amadziwa kanthu kapena ziwiri zopanga magalimoto. Tsopano ndi purezidenti wa kampani ya engineering yaku US Caresoft Global. Amauza a Reuters kuti ngati Tesla atha kutulutsa zambiri za EV, zitha kusokoneza momwe magalimoto amapangidwira ndikupangidwira. "Ndiwothandizira pa ma steroids. Ili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pamakampani, koma ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Kujambula ndizovuta kwambiri kuchita, makamaka zazikulu komanso zovuta kwambiri. ”
Awiri mwa magwero adati mapangidwe atsopano ndi njira zopangira za Tesla zikutanthauza kuti kampaniyo ikhoza kupanga galimoto kuyambira pansi mpaka miyezi 18 mpaka 24, pomwe otsutsa ambiri amatha kutenga zaka zitatu mpaka zinayi. Chimango chimodzi chachikulu - kuphatikiza zigawo zakutsogolo ndi zakumbuyo ndi zapakati pansi pomwe batire imakhala - zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga galimoto yamagetsi yatsopano, yaying'ono yomwe imagulidwa pafupifupi $25,000. Tesla akuyembekezeka kusankha ngati afa ataponya nsanja imodzi mwezi uno, atatu mwa magwero adati.
Mavuto Akuluakulu Ali Patsogolo
Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu za Tesla pakugwiritsa ntchito makina othamanga kwambiri ndikupanga ma subframes opanda kanthu koma okhala ndi nthiti zamkati zomwe zimafunikira kuti athe kuwononga mphamvu zomwe zimachitika panthawi ya ngozi. Ofufuzawo akuti akatswiri opanga mapangidwe ndi opanga zinthu ku Britain, Germany, Japan, ndi United States amagwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a 3D ndi mchenga wamakampani.
Kupanga nkhungu zomwe zimafunikira pakuponyera zinthu zazikuluzikulu kumatha kukhala kokwera mtengo ndipo kumabwera ndi zoopsa zambiri. Kapangidwe kachitsulo kakang'ono koyesa kachitsulo kakapangidwa, makina opangira makina opangira makina amatha kuwononga $100,000 paulendo, kapena kukonzanso nkhungu yonseyo kumatha kufika $1.5 miliyoni, malinga ndi katswiri wina woponya. Wina adati njira yonse yopangira nkhungu yayikulu yachitsulo imatha pafupifupi $ 4 miliyoni.
Opanga magalimoto ambiri awona kuti mtengo wake ndi zowopsa zake ndizokwera kwambiri, makamaka popeza mapangidwe angafunike ma tweaks theka la khumi ndi awiri kapena kupitilira apo kuti akwaniritse kufa kwangwiro kuchokera pamawonekedwe a phokoso ndi kugwedezeka, kukwanira ndi kutsiriza, ergonomics ndi kuwonongeka. Koma chiwopsezo ndichinthu chomwe sichimavutitsa Elon Musk, yemwe anali woyamba kupanga maroketi kuwulukira chammbuyo.
Industrial Sand & 3D Printing
Tesla akuti watembenukira kumakampani omwe amapanga nkhungu zoyesa ndi mchenga wamafakitale okhala ndi osindikiza a 3D. Pogwiritsa ntchito fayilo ya digito, osindikiza omwe amadziwika kuti binder jets amayika chomangira chamadzi pa mchenga wochepa thupi ndipo pang'onopang'ono amamanga nkhungu, yosanjikiza ndi yosanjikiza, yomwe imatha kufa ndi ma aloyi osungunuka. Malinga ndi gwero lina, mtengo wotsimikizira kapangidwe kake ndi kuponya mchenga kumawononga pafupifupi 3% pochita zomwezo ndi chitsulo.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti Tesla amatha kusintha ma prototypes nthawi zambiri momwe angafunikire, kusindikizanso yatsopano pakangotha maola angapo pogwiritsa ntchito makina ochokera kumakampani monga Desktop Metal ndi gawo lake la ExOne. Kuzungulira kovomerezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mchenga kumangotenga miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, awiri mwa magwero atero, poyerekeza ndi kulikonse kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka pa nkhungu yopangidwa ndi chitsulo.
Ngakhale zinali zovuta kwambiri, komabe, panali vuto lina lalikulu lomwe liyenera kugonjetsedwera kuti masewera akuluakulu apangidwe bwino. Zosakaniza za aluminiyamu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zimakhala zosiyana mu nkhungu zopangidwa ndi mchenga kusiyana ndi zomwe zimapangidwira muzitsulo. Ma prototypes oyambilira nthawi zambiri amalephera kukwaniritsa zomwe Tesla adanena.
Akatswiri oponya zinthu adagonjetsa izi popanga ma aloyi apadera, kukonza bwino njira yozizirira yosungunuka ya aloyi, ndikubwera ndi chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo popanga, atatu mwa magwerowo adatero. Tesla ikakhutitsidwa ndi nkhungu yamchenga ya prototype, imatha kuyika ndalama mu nkhungu yomaliza yachitsulo kuti ipange misa.
Magwerowo akuti galimoto yaing'ono ya Tesla / robotaxi yomwe ikubwera yapereka mwayi wabwino kwambiri woponya nsanja ya EV mugawo limodzi, makamaka chifukwa chamkati mwake ndi chosavuta. Magalimoto ang'onoang'ono alibe "chophimba" chachikulu kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. “Zili ngati bwato m’njira, thireyi ya batri yokhala ndi mapiko aang’ono omangika mbali zonse ziwiri. Zingakhale zomveka kuchita mu gawo limodzi, "munthu wina adatero.
Magwero akuti Tesla akuyenerabe kusankha mtundu wa makina osindikizira oti agwiritse ntchito ngati aganiza zoponya pansi pamutu umodzi. Kuti apange ziwalo zazikulu zathupi mwachangu pamafunika makina oponya okulirapo okhala ndi mphamvu yopopera matani 16,000 kapena kupitilira apo. Makina oterowo adzakhala okwera mtengo ndipo angafunike nyumba zazikulu za fakitale.
Makina osindikizira omwe ali ndi mphamvu zothina kwambiri sangathe kutengera mchenga wosindikizidwa wa 3D wofunikira kuti apange mafelemu opanda kanthu. Kuti athetse vutoli, Tesla akugwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira amtundu wina momwe aloyi wosungunuka amatha kubayidwa pang'onopang'ono - njira yomwe imakonda kupanga zopangira zapamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimatha kutengera mchenga.
Vuto ndilakuti: njirayi imatenga nthawi yayitali. "Tesla atha kusankhabe kukakamiza kwambiri kuti apange zokolola, kapena atha kusankha jakisoni wa alloy pang'onopang'ono kuti akhale wabwino komanso wosinthasintha," adatero m'modzi mwa anthuwo. Mpaka pano, ikadali ndalama yoponyedwa.
The Takeaway
Chisankho chilichonse chomwe Tesla angapange, chikhala ndi zotsatira zomwe zidzasokonekera pamakampani opanga magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi. Tesla, ngakhale atsika mtengo kwambiri, akupangabe magalimoto amagetsi ndi phindu - china chake opanga ma automaker akupeza kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kuchita.
Ngati Tesla atha kuchepetsa mtengo wake wopanga kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito makina oponderezedwa kwambiri, makampaniwo azikhala pamavuto azachuma. Sizovuta kulingalira zomwe zidawachitikira Kodak ndi Nokia. Kumene kungachokere chuma cha dziko lonse lapansi ndi ogwira ntchito onse omwe akupanga magalimoto wamba ndikulingalira kwa aliyense.
Gwero:https://cleantechnica.com/2023/09/17/tesla-may-have-perfected-one-piece-casting-technology/
Wolemba: Steve Hanley
Adasinthidwa ndi May Jiang kuchokera ku MAT Aluminium
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-05-2024
