Mtovu
Pamene aluminium-olemera a aluminium-Copperper aluya ndi 548, kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa mkuwa ku Aluminium kuli 5.65%. Kutentha kwatha mpaka 302, kusungunuka kwa mkuwa ndi 0,45%. Mkuwa ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndipo chimakhala ndi yankho lolimba lolimbikitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, zilembo za ukalamba zimakhala ndi vuto lolimbikitsa. Zomwe zili mu curper mu aluminiyam overlos nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa 2,5% ndi 5%, ndipo zotsatira zolimbitsa thupi ndizabwino kwambiri pomwe zokhudzana ndi drimauramin zambiri zili mkati mwake. Aluminium-mkuwa wamba amatha kukhala ndi silicon yocheperako, magnesium, manganese, chromium, zinc, chitsulo ndi zinthu zina.
Sililicone
Gawo lolemera la aluminium pamene dongosolo la Al-S Ngakhale kusungunuka kutsika ndi kutsika kutentha, izi sizingalimbitsidwe ndi kutentha kutentha. Aluminium-silicon alloy ali ndi katundu woponya katundu komanso kukana kutukuka. Ngati magnesium ndi silicon amawonjezeredwa ku aluminium nthawi yomweyo kuti apange aluminium-magnesium-silicon - gawo lolimbikitsa, gawo lolimbikitsa ndi mgsi. Kuchuluka kwa magnesium kwa silicon ndi 1.73: 1. Mukamapanga kapangidwe ka Al-Mg-SI Pofuna kusintha mphamvu ya al-mg-si dyoys, mkuwa woyenera amawonjezeredwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chromium yoyenera kumawonjezeredwa kuti muchepetse zovuta za mkuwa pa chipongwe chambiri.
Kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa mg2si ku aluminiyamu mu gawo la aluminium-alumilibrium a al-mg2si anoy system ndi 1.85%, ndipo njirayo ndi yaying'ono ngati kutentha kumachepa. Mu alminum almock olola, kuphatikiza kwa silicon yekha ndi aluminiyamu kumakhala kocheperako zowotchera, ndipo kuwonjezera kwa silicon ku aluminiya kumathandizanso.
Magnesium
Ngakhale kupindika kosungunuka solublity kumawonetsa kuti kusungunuka kwa magnesium ku aluminium kumachepetsa, kuchuluka kwa magnesium kumatsika, zomwe zili m'mawu ogulitsa ambiri a alminiyamu ndizochepera 6%. Zilikoni zomwe zilinso ndizochepa. Mtundu wamtunduwu sulimbitsidwa ndi mankhwala kutentha, koma ali ndi thanzi labwino, kukana kosangalatsa, komanso mphamvu sing'anga. Kulimbikitsidwa kwa aluminium ndi magnesium ndi yodziwikiratu. Kwa kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 1% ku Magnesium, mphamvu ya Tunele imachulukana ndi pafupifupi 34mka. Ngati ndalama zosakwana 1% manganese zikuwonjezeredwa, kulimbikitsa mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera manganese kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magnesium ndikuchepetsa chizolowezi chotentha. Kuphatikiza apo, manganese amathanso kupanga mosagwirizana mwa MG5al
Manganese
Pamene kutentha kwa chimbudzi cha chojambula cha al-MNn Alloy ndi 658, kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa manganese mu njira yolimba ndi 1.82%. Mphamvu ya alloy imawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka. Pamene Mangonese a Manginese ndi 0,8%, mmwambazo umafika pamtengo wokwanira. Al-MN Inoy ndi gawo lolimba la zaka zambiri, ndiye kuti, sizingalimbitsidwe ndi kutentha kutentha. Manganese amatha kuletsa kukonzanso kwa aluminiyam emosys, kuwonjezera kutentha kutentha, ndikukonzanso mbewu zobwezeretsedwa kwambiri. Kukonzanso kwa mbewu zobwezerezedwanso kumachitika makamaka chifukwa chomwazika tinthu tating'onoting'ono tathupi chakuthupi chimalepheretsa kukula kwa mbewu zobwezerezedwanso. Ntchito ina ya mthth6 ndiyo kusungunula chitsulo choyenera kupanga (Fe, MN) Al6, kuchepetsa zoyipa za chitsulo. Manganese ndi chinthu chofunikira mu aluminiyamu. Itha kuwonjezeredwa kokha kuti apange alloy a Alloy. Nthawi zambiri, imawonjezeredwa pamodzi ndi zinthu zina zoyatsirana. Chifukwa chake, ma almunium ambiri amakhala ndi manganese.
Zinki
Kusungunuka kwa zinc ku Aluminium ndi 31.6% pa 275 ku Aluminium-aluminium-aluminim system ya al-Zn Alloy System, pomwe olumpha ake amatsikira ku Aluminium ali ndi kusintha pang'ono Mphamvu ya aluminiyamu a alnoy pansi pamavuto. Nthawi yomweyo, pali chizolowezi cha kupsinjika komwe kumapangitsa kuti kusokonezedwe, motero kumangotsatira. Kuphatikiza zinc ndi magnesium to aluminium nthawi yomweyo kumapangitsa gawo lolimbikitsa mg / Zn2, lomwe limalimbikitsa kwambiri pa Alloy. Pamene mg / zn2 imachuluka kuchokera pa 0,5% mpaka 12%, mphamvu zokhala ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu zitha kuchuluka kwambiri. Ku Sunhard aluminiyam omwe amawongolera komwe magnesium amapitilira kuchuluka kwa mg / zn2, pomwe chiwerengero cha zinziri cholumikizidwa ndi chachikulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera chinthu chamkuwa ku Al-Zn-mg al-zn-mg-cu. Kulimbikitsa kolimbitsa mtima ndikofunikira kwambiri pakati pa oyang'anira onse a aluminiyamu. Ndilonso chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha allos mu amospace, mafakitale a mphamvu, komanso magetsi amagetsi.
Chitsulo ndi silicon
Chitsulo chimawonjezeredwa ngati zinthu zoyatsira mu Al-CA-NI-Ni-Feies Zilmoy, ndi Silicon zimawonjezeredwa ma entlos. Mu base aluminiyam olosera, sisilicon ndi chitsulo ndi zinthu wamba zodetsa, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri katundu wa alloy. Alipo makamaka ngati fecl3 ndi silika yaulere. Pamene silicnon ndi yayikulu kuposa chitsulo, β-fesial3 (kapena fee2SI2al9) Gawo lopangidwa, ndipo pakakhala chitsulo chiri chokulirapo kuposa licon, α-α Chiwerengero cha chitsulo ndi silicon sichili bwino, chimayambitsa ming'alu poponyera. Pamene chitsulo chimakhala choponya aluminiyamu chikakwera kwambiri, kuponderezana kumakhala kopanda chiyembekezo.
Titanium ndi Boron
Titanium ndi chinthu chowonjezera chogwiritsidwa ntchito chowonjezera mu aluminiyamu exres, kuwonjezera mawonekedwe a al-ti kapena al-ti-b mbuye romnoy. Titanium ndi aluminiyamu amapanga gawo la Tial2, lomwe limakhala pachiwopsezo chosakhazikika panthawi ya ma crystallization ndikupanga gawo pakuyeretsa kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kamene kamakonza. Pamene Al-Ti Exoys amapezeka phukusi, zomwe zili mu Titanium ili pafupi 0.15%. Ngati Boron alipo, kuchepa kwake kuli kochepa kwambiri ngati 0.01%.
Chromium
Chromium ndi chinthu chowonjezera chofala ku AL-SI mndandanda, Al-KN mndandanda, ndi mndandanda wa al-mg. Pa 600 ° C, kusungunuka kwa chromium ku Aluminium ndi 0,8%, ndipo ndizopanda nzeru kutentha. Chromium amapanga zigawo monga (crfe) Al7 ndi (Cran) Al12 mu aluminium, omwe amalepheretsa Nuckinium ndi kukula kwa kukula kwake ndipo kumalimbikitsa kwambiri pa Alloy. Zimathandizanso kulimbitsa thupi ndikuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha kupsinjika kusokoneza.
Komabe, tsambalo limawonjezera chidwi, ndikupanga filimu yovomerezeka yachikasu. Kuchuluka kwa chromium wowonjezera ku aluminium snow nthawi zambiri samapitilira 0,35%, ndikuchepetsa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosintha mu Alloy.
Malo
Strontium ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito pamtunda chomwe chingasinthe machitidwe a magawo a zigawo zingapo. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo chosinthika ndi strandomu chimatha kukonza pulasitiki ya ziwonetsero ndi mtundu wa chinthu chomaliza. Chifukwa cha nthawi yake yosinthika yayitali, zabwino ndi kubereka, strontium yasintha kugwiritsa ntchito sodium ku Al-S akuwononga ma extal m'zaka zaposachedwa. Kuwonjezera 0,015% ~ 0.03% strontium kupita ku aluminium a aluminiyamu gawo la ma v-Alfsiation mu ingwotion nthawi ndi 60%, ndikuwongolera katundu wa pulasitiki; kukonza mawonekedwe a zinthu.
Kwa Asicon-sicnon (10% ~ 13%) alminiyamu opunduka, kuwonjezera 0.02% ~ 0.07% strontium yomwe ingachepetse makhwalamwamba akuluakulu, komanso makinawa nawonso amasintha kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu бb kumachulukitsidwa ku 233mka mpaka 236mka, ndi mphamvu zokolola б0.2 Kuyambiranso 200mm to 15% mpaka 12%. Powonjezera strontium to hypretectic al-silloy imatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa tinthu taticon, kusintha zinthu zoyambira za pulasitiki, ndikupangitsa kuti ozizira komanso ozizira.
Zirconium
Zirconium ndi zowonjezera wamba mu aluminiyam olosi. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka komwe kumawonjezeredwa kwa aluminiyam olosi ndi 0.1% ~ 0.3%. Zirconium ndi aluminium mawonekedwe a Zal3 mankhwala, omwe angalepheretsenso njira yobwezeretsanso ndikukonzanso mbewu zobwezerezedwanso. Zirconium amathanso kukonza kapangidwe kake, koma zotsatira zake ndizochepa kuposa titanium. Kukhalapo kwa zirsenium kumachepetsa mbewu zoyenga bwino za Titanium ndi Boron. Ku Al-Zn-CA elowys, popeza zirconium ili ndi zovuta kwambiri kuposa chromium ndi manganese, ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zirrium ndi manganese kukonzanso kapangidwe kake.
Zinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi
Zinthu zam'madzi zamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi zimawonjezedwa kwa aluminiyamu onjezerani kuchuluka kwa chiwonetsero cha ma aluminiyamu slooy poponya, kuchepetsa mipweya ndi zokongoletsera, ndipo zimakonda kutulutsa gawo. Zimathanso kuchepetsa mavuto osungunuka, onjezerani madzi, ndikuwongolera kuponyera ma instits, zomwe zimakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito. Ndikwabwino kuwonjezera zochulukirapo zapansi pa 0,1%. Zowonjezera zapansi zosakanikirana (zosakanizika za pr-pr-ng, etc.) zimachepetsa kutentha kwa mapangidwe a ukalamba g? Aluminiyamu oyang'anira zokhala ndi magnesium amatha kulimbikitsa kapangidwe ka zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi.
Chidetso
Vadium Fomu Vals Val11 yotsimikizika yovomerezeka mu aluminiyam olosi, omwe amatenga nawo gawo pakukonzanso mbewu zosungunuka ndikuponyera, koma gawo lake ndi laling'ono kuposa la titanium ndi zirsenium. KANDAIum imathandizanso kuti ikonzenso kapangidwe kameneka ndikuwonjezera kutentha.
Kusunthika kolimba kwa calcium ku aluminiyam oversis ndi otsika kwambiri, ndipo amapanga caal 1 ndi aluminiyamu. Calcium ndi chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri cha aluminiyam olosi. Aluminiyamu iloy ndi ma calcium pafupifupi 5% ndi 5% manganese ali ndi mphamvu zopamwamba. Calcium ndi silicon amapanga casi, yomwe ili yopanda ma aluminiyamu. Popeza njira yolimba yothetsera silcon imachepetsedwa, mawonekedwe amagetsi a mafakitale a mafakitale amatha kukhala osinthika pang'ono. Calcium imatha kukonza magwiridwe antchito a aluminiyamu. CasI2 silingalimbikitse aluminium almosys pakuchiritsa kutentha. Tsatirani kuchuluka kwa calcium kumakhala kothandiza kuchotsa hydrogen kuchokera kusungunuke molumwa.
Chitsogozo, tini, ndi zinthu zobila za bisthinth ndi zitsulo zochepa zosungunuka. Kusungunuka kwawo kokhazikika ku aluminiyamu ndikochepa, komwe kumachepetsa mphamvu ya zitsulo, koma amatha kukonza magwiridwe antchito. Bimbuth imakulitsa polimba, yomwe ndi yopindulitsa kudyetsa. Kuphatikiza bimbuti mpaka magnesium magnesium madontho angalepheretse sodium kumera.
Zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosinthika mu aluminiyam exres, ndipo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'malo opunduka a alminiyamu opunduka. Tsitsani phomphotith mu al-mg wopunduka al-almoy alyoy kuti muchepetse sodium kumera. Chizindikiro cha al-zn-mg - cu valoys kuti musinthe magwiridwe antchito otentha ndi kuzizira kozizira.
Berryllium amatha kukonza kapangidwe ka oxade ku ma alminiyamu a alminim alminiyamu ndikuchepetsa kuchepa ndikusungunuka nthawi yosungunuka ndikuyipitsa. Beryllium ndi chinthu choopsa chomwe chimatha kuyambitsa matupi athupi mwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, Beryllium sangathe kugwa aluminiyamu omwe amakumana ndi chakudya komanso zakumwa. Beryllium zomwe zili mu zoweta nthawi zambiri zimayendetsedwa pansi pa 8μg / ml. Aluminiyamu alumu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati miyala yotsegula iyeneranso kuwongolera zomwe zili m beryllium.
Sodium ili pafupifupi insuluble mu aluminiyamu, ndipo solubility yolimba imakhala yochepera 0,0025%. Malo osungunuka a sodium ndi otsika (97.8 ℃) Chifukwa cha kusweka kwa brittle, kapangidwe ka Ana
Pamene magnesiums zopitilira 2%, magnesium amachotsa silicon ndipo amatulutsa sodium, chifukwa cha "sode sode sodium". Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa magnesium almininium aloy saloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito sodium flax flux. Njira zotchingira "sodium kugwirira" Kuwonjezera Nzeru kuti apange Na3Sb kapena kuwonjezera dziko lapansi loipa lingakhalenso ndi zotsatira zomwezi.
Zosinthidwa ndi Meying kuchokera ku Mat Aluminium
Post Nthawi: Aug-08-2024
