Pa kutentha kwa aluminiyamu ndi ma aloyi a aluminiyamu, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakumana, monga:
-Kuyika kolakwika kwa gawo: Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale mapindikidwe, nthawi zambiri chifukwa chosakwanira kutentha kuchotsedwa ndi sing'anga yozimitsa mwachangu kwambiri kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna.
-Kutentha kwachangu: Izi zingayambitse kutentha kwa thupi; kuyika bwino mbali kumathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti ngakhale kutentha.
-Kutentha kwambiri: Izi zimatha kuyambitsa kusungunuka pang'ono kapena kusungunuka kwa eutectic.
-Pamwamba makulitsidwe / kutentha kwambiri makutidwe ndi okosijeni.
- Chithandizo chokalamba kwambiri kapena chosakwanira, zonsezi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa makina.
-Kusinthasintha kwa nthawi / kutentha / kuzimitsa magawo omwe angayambitse kupatuka kwamakina ndi / kapena zinthu zakuthupi pakati pa magawo ndi magulu.
-Kuonjezera apo, kusafanana kwa kutentha, kusakwanira kwa nthawi yotsekera, komanso kuzizira kosakwanira panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha kungathe kubweretsa zotsatira zosakwanira.
Kuchiza kutentha ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri pakuwotcha pamakampani a aluminiyamu, tiyeni tifufuze zambiri zokhudzana nazo.
1.Kulandira chithandizo
Njira zochizira zisanachitike zomwe zimawongolera kapangidwe kake ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika musanayambe kuzimitsa ndizothandiza kuchepetsa kupotoza. Chithandizo chisanakhalepo nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo njira monga spheroidizing annealing ndi kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo, ndipo ena amakhalanso ndi chithandizo chozimitsa ndi kutentha kapena kuchepetsa.
Kuchepetsa Kupsinjika Maganizo: Pamakina, kupsinjika kotsalira kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu monga njira zamakina, kugwiritsa ntchito zida, komanso kuthamanga. Kugawidwa kosagwirizana kwa zovuta izi kungayambitse kupotoza panthawi yozimitsa. Kuti muchepetse izi, kuchepetsa kupsinjika kumayenera kuchepetsedwa musanazimitse. Kutentha kwa kuchepetsa nkhawa nthawi zambiri kumakhala 500-700 ° C. Kutentha mu sing'anga ya mpweya, kutentha kwa 500-550 ° C ndi nthawi yokhala ndi maola 2-3 kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa oxidation ndi decarburization. Kusokonekera kwa gawo chifukwa cha kulemera kwa thupi kuyenera kuganiziridwa panthawi yokweza, ndipo njira zina ndizofanana ndi annealing wamba.
Preheat Chithandizo cha Kupititsa patsogolo Kapangidwe: Izi zikuphatikizapo spheroidizing annealing, quenching ndi tempering, normalizing mankhwala.
-Spheroidizing Annealing: Zofunikira pazitsulo za carbon tool ndi alloy tool zitsulo pa kutentha kutentha, kamangidwe kamene kamapezeka pambuyo pa spheroidizing annealing kumakhudza kwambiri mayendedwe opotoka panthawi yozimitsa. Pokonza dongosolo la post-annealing, munthu akhoza kuchepetsa kupotoza nthawi zonse panthawi yozimitsa.
-Njira Zina Zosankhidwiratu: Njira zosiyanasiyana zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti muchepetse kupotoza kozimitsa, monga kuzimitsa ndi kutenthetsa, kuchiritsa mankhwala. Kusankha zoyenera zochizira monga kuzimitsa ndi kutentha, normalizing chithandizo potengera chifukwa cha kupotoza ndi zinthu za gawo akhoza bwino kuchepetsa kupotoza. Komabe, kusamala ndikofunikira pazovuta zotsalira komanso kuuma kumawonjezeka pambuyo pa kutentha, makamaka kuzimitsa ndi kutenthetsa chithandizo kungachepetse kufalikira panthawi yozimitsa zitsulo zomwe zili ndi W ndi Mn, koma zimakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa kuchepetsa kusinthika kwazitsulo monga GCr15.
Pakupanga kothandiza, kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa kusokonekera, kaya chifukwa cha kupsinjika kotsalira kapena kusakhazikika bwino, ndikofunikira pakuchiritsa kothandiza. Kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kupsinjika kuyenera kuchitidwa chifukwa cha kupotoza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kotsalira, pomwe chithandizo monga kutenthetsa chomwe chimasintha mawonekedwe sikofunikira, mosemphanitsa. Pokhapokha pomwe cholinga chochepetsera kupotoza kozimitsa chingakwaniritsidwe kuti tichepetse ndalama ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino.
2.Quenching Kutentha Ntchito
Kutentha Kutentha: Kutentha kozimitsa kumakhudza kwambiri kupotoza. Titha kukwaniritsa cholinga cha kuchepetsa mapindikidwe ndi kusintha kutentha quenching, kapena reserved Machining chilolezo ndi chimodzimodzi kutentha quenching kukwaniritsa cholinga kuchepetsa mapindikidwe, kapena zomveka anasankha ndi kusungidwa Machining chilolezo ndi kutentha quenching pambuyo mayesero kutentha mankhwala. , kuti achepetse ndalama zotsatiridwa ndi makina. Zotsatira za kutentha kuzimitsa pa kuzimitsa mapindikidwe sikungokhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu workpiece, komanso zokhudzana ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe a workpiece. Pamene mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa workpiece ndi zosiyana kwambiri, ngakhale zinthu za workpiece ndi chimodzimodzi, quenching mapindikidwe mchitidwe osiyana kwambiri, ndipo woyendetsa ayenera kulabadira zimenezi pakupanga kwenikweni.
Kuthetsa Nthawi Yogwira: Kusankhidwa kwa nthawi yogwira sikungotsimikizira kutentha kokwanira ndikupeza kuuma komwe kumafunidwa kapena makina amakina pambuyo pa kuzimitsa komanso kumaganizira momwe zimakhudzira kupotoza. Kutalikitsa nthawi yozimitsa kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kuzimitsidwe, makamaka kutchulidwe chifukwa cha carbon high ndi high chromium steel.
Loading Njira: Ngati workpiece imayikidwa mu mawonekedwe osayenera pa kutentha, izo zingachititse mapindikidwe chifukwa cha kulemera kwa workpiece kapena mapindikidwe chifukwa cha extrusion pakati pa workpieces, kapena mapindikidwe chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kuzirala osagwirizana chifukwa kwambiri stacking wa workpieces.
Njira Yowotchera: Pazigawo zogwirira ntchito zowoneka movutikira komanso mosiyanasiyana, makamaka zomwe zili ndi zinthu zambiri za carbon ndi alloy, kutenthetsa pang'onopang'ono komanso kofanana ndikofunikira. Kugwiritsa ntchito preheating nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunikira, nthawi zina kumafunika kutenthetsa kambirimbiri. Kwa zida zazikulu zogwirira ntchito zomwe sizimatenthedwa bwino potenthetsa, kugwiritsa ntchito ng'anjo yolimbana ndi bokosi yokhala ndi kutentha koyendetsedwa kumatha kuchepetsa kupotoza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutentha mwachangu.
3. Kuzizira Ntchito
Kuzimitsa deformation makamaka chifukwa cha kuzizira. Kuzimitsa koyenera kwa sing'anga kusankha, kugwira ntchito mwaluso, ndi sitepe iliyonse ya kuziziritsa kumakhudza mwachindunji kuzimitsa.
Kuthetsa Kusankhidwa Kwapakatikati: Poonetsetsa kuuma komwe kumafunidwa pambuyo kuzimitsidwa, media yozizimitsa pang'ono iyenera kukondedwa kuti ichepetse kupotoza. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osambira otenthetsera kuziziritsa (kuwongolera kuwongola mbali ikadali yotentha) kapena ngakhale kuziziritsa kwa mpweya kumalimbikitsidwa. Sing'anga zomwe zimakhala ndi kuziziritsa pakati pa madzi ndi mafuta zimathanso kulowa m'malo mwamafuta apawiri.
- Kuzimitsa mpweya: Kuzimitsa kuziziritsa kwa mpweya ndikothandiza kuchepetsa kuzimitsa kwachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri, chitsulo cha chromium mold ndi chitsulo choziziritsa mpweya chozizira. Kwa chitsulo cha 3Cr2W8V chomwe sichifuna kuuma kwakukulu pambuyo pozimitsa, kuzimitsa mpweya kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuchepetsa mapindikidwe mwa kusintha bwino kutentha kozimitsa.
- Kuziziritsa ndi kuzimitsa mafuta: mafuta ndi sing'anga kuzimitsira ndi mlingo wotsikirapo kuzirala kuposa madzi, koma workpieces ndi high hardability, kakang'ono, mawonekedwe ovuta ndi chizolowezi mapindikidwe lalikulu, kuzirala kwa mafuta ndi mkulu kwambiri, koma workpieces ndi kukula kochepa koma osauka. kuuma, kuzizira kwa mafuta sikukwanira. Pofuna kuthetsa zotsutsana pamwambapa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira kuzimitsa mafuta kuchepetsa quenching mapindikidwe workpieces, anthu atengera njira kusintha mafuta kutentha ndi quenching kutentha kuwonjezera ntchito mafuta.
- Kusintha kutentha kwa mafuta akuzimitsa: kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha komweko kwa mafuta kuti azimitse kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kozimitsa kumakhalabe ndi mavuto otsatirawa, ndiye kuti, kutentha kwamafuta kumakhala kotsika, kuphulika kozimitsa kumakhalabe kwakukulu, ndipo kutentha kwamafuta kumakhala kwakukulu, zimakhala zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti workpiece pambuyo kuzimitsa kuuma. Pansi ophatikizana zotsatira za mawonekedwe ndi zakuthupi ena workpieces, kuwonjezera kutentha kwa quenching mafuta mwina kuonjezera mapindikidwe ake. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa kutentha kwamafuta amafuta ozizimitsa mukatha mayeso molingana ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, kukula kwa magawo ndi mawonekedwe.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mafuta otentha pozimitsa, kuti mupewe moto wobwera chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwamafuta chifukwa cha kuzimitsa ndi kuziziritsa, zida zofunika kuzimitsa moto ziyenera kukhala pafupi ndi thanki yamafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, index yamtundu wamafuta azimitsidwa iyenera kuyesedwa pafupipafupi, ndipo mafuta atsopano ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kapena kusinthidwa munthawi yake.
- Wonjezerani kutentha kozimitsa: Njira imeneyi ndi yoyenera yaing'ono mtanda gawo mpweya zitsulo workpieces ndi zazikulu pang'ono aloyi zitsulo workpieces kuti sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunika kuuma pambuyo Kutentha ndi kuteteza kutentha pa kutentha quenching yachibadwa ndi kuzimitsa mafuta. Powonjezera kutentha kozimitsira moyenera ndiyeno kuzimitsa mafuta, zotsatira za kuumitsa ndi kuchepetsa mapindikidwe amatha kutheka. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi kuzimitsa, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti tipewe mavuto monga kugwa kwa tirigu, kuchepetsa makina ndi moyo wautumiki wa workpiece chifukwa cha kutentha kwa kutentha.
- Kukhazikika komanso kudalirika: Pamene kuuma kuzima akhoza kukwaniritsa kapangidwe amafuna, gulu ndi austempering wa sing'anga otentha kusamba ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira kukwaniritsa cholinga kuchepetsa quenching mapindikidwe. Njirayi imagwiranso ntchito pazitsulo zotsika kwambiri, zamagulu ang'onoang'ono a carbon structural zitsulo ndi zitsulo zazitsulo, makamaka chromium-containing die steel and high-speed steel workpieces ndi kuuma kwakukulu. Gulu la sing'anga yosambira yotentha ndi njira yozizira ya austempering ndiyo njira zozimitsa zitsulo zamtunduwu. Mofananamo, ndizothandizanso kwazitsulo za kaboni ndizitsulo zotsika za alloy zomwe sizifuna kuuma kwakukulu kozimitsa.
Pozimitsa ndi kusamba kotentha, zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
Choyamba, pamene kusamba kwamafuta kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndi kuzimitsa moto, kutentha kwamafuta kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa kuti moto usachitike.
Chachiwiri, pozimitsa ndi mchere wa nitrate, thanki yamchere ya nitrate iyenera kukhala ndi zida zofunika ndi zipangizo zoziziritsira madzi. Kuti mupewe zina, chonde onaninso zofunikira, ndipo musabwerezenso apa.
Chachitatu, kutentha kwa isothermal kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamalitsa pakuzima kwa isothermal. Kutentha kwambiri kapena kutsika sikuthandiza kuchepetsa kuphulika kozimitsa. Kuonjezera apo, panthawi ya austempering, njira yopachikidwa ya workpiece iyenera kusankhidwa kuti zisawonongeke chifukwa cha kulemera kwa workpiece.
Chachinayi, mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuzimitsa kwa isothermal kapena graded kukonza mawonekedwe a workpiece pamene kuli kotentha, zida ndi zida ziyenera kukhala ndi zida zonse, ndipo ntchitoyo iyenera kukhala yofulumira panthawi yogwira ntchito. Pewani zotsatira zoyipa pakuzimitsa khalidwe la workpiece.
Kuzizira Ntchito: Kugwira ntchito mwaluso panthawi yozizira kumakhudza kwambiri kuzimitsa, makamaka pamene madzi kapena njira zozimitsira mafuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
-Mayendedwe Olondola a Quenching Medium Entry: Nthawi zambiri, zogwirira ntchito zofananira kapena zotalikirana ngati ndodo ziyenera kuzimitsidwa molunjika pakati. Zigawo za asymmetric zitha kuzimitsidwa pamakona. Njira yoyenera imafuna kuonetsetsa kuti kuziziritsa kofananako kumadutsa mbali zonse, ndi malo ozizira pang'onopang'ono kulowa mkatikati, ndikutsatiridwa ndi magawo ozizirira mofulumira. Kuganizira za mawonekedwe a workpiece ndi mphamvu yake pa liwiro kuzirala n'kofunika pochita.
-Kusuntha kwa Zochita mu Quenching Medium: Zigawo zoziziritsa pang'onopang'ono ziyenera kuyang'anizana ndi sing'anga yozimitsa. Zojambula zooneka ngati ma Symmetrically ziyenera kutsata njira yokhazikika komanso yofananira pakati, kusunga matalikidwe ang'onoang'ono komanso kuyenda mwachangu. Kwa zogwirira ntchito zoonda komanso zazitali, kukhazikika pakuzimitsa ndikofunikira. Pewani kugwedezeka ndipo ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito zikhomo m'malo momanga mawaya kuti muwongolere bwino.
- Liwiro la Kuzimitsa: Zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kuzimitsidwa mwachangu. Makamaka zogwirira ntchito zoonda, zonga ndodo, kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kungayambitse kupindika kopindika komanso kusiyana kwa mapindikidwe pakati pa magawo omwe amazimitsidwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
-Kuziziritsa koyendetsedwa: Kwa zida zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu mu kukula kwa magawo osiyanasiyana, tetezani zigawo zozizira mofulumira ndi zipangizo monga zingwe za asibesitosi kapena mapepala achitsulo kuti muchepetse kuzizira ndikukwaniritsa kuzizira kofanana.
-Nthawi Yozizirira M'madzi: Kwa zida zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimapindika kwambiri chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwamapangidwe, zifupikitse nthawi yawo yozizira m'madzi. Kwa zida zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimapindika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwamafuta, onjezerani nthawi yozizirira m'madzi kuti muchepetse kupindika kozimitsa.
Adasinthidwa ndi May Jiang kuchokera ku MAT Aluminium
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-21-2024
