Mungadzifunse kuti, "N'chiyani chimapangitsa aluminium m'magalimoto kukhala yofala kwambiri?"kapena "Ndi chiyani chokhudza aluminiyamu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chabwino kwambiri pamatupi agalimoto?"osazindikira kuti aluminiyumu yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalimoto kuyambira chiyambi cha magalimoto.Pofika mu 1889 aluminiyamu idapangidwa mochuluka ndikuponyedwa, kukulungidwa, ndikupangidwa m'magalimoto.
Opanga magalimoto adatenga mwayi wogwira ntchito ndi zinthu zosavuta kupanga kuposa zitsulo.Panthawiyo, mitundu yoyera yokha ya aluminiyamu inalipo, yomwe imakhala yofewa komanso yokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri komwe kumagwira pakapita nthawi.Zinthu zimenezi zinapangitsa opanga magalimoto kupanga mchenga ndikupanga mapanelo okulirapo omwe amawotchedwa ndi kupukutidwa ndi manja.
Pofika chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, ena mwa opanga magalimoto olemekezeka anali kugwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu m'magalimoto.Izi zikuphatikizapo Bugatti, Ferrari, BMW, Mercedes, ndi Porsche.
Chifukwa Chiyani Sankhani Aluminiyamu M'magalimoto?
Magalimoto ndi makina ovuta okhala ndi magawo pafupifupi 30,000.Matupi agalimoto, kapena mafupa agalimoto, ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso ofunikira pakupanga magalimoto.
Zimaphatikizapo mapanelo akunja omwe amapereka mawonekedwe agalimoto, ndi mapanelo amkati omwe amakhala ngati kulimbikitsa.Mapanelo amalumikizidwa pamodzi kukhala mizati ndi njanji.Matupi agalimoto amaphatikizanso zitseko zakutsogolo ndi zakumbuyo, matabwa a injini, ma wheel arches, bumpers, hoods, zipinda zonyamula anthu, kutsogolo, denga, ndi pansi.
Kumveka bwino kwamapangidwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pamatupi agalimoto.Komabe, matupi agalimoto amayeneranso kukhala opepuka, otsika mtengo kupanga, osagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, komanso kukhala ndi mikhalidwe yabwino yomwe ogula amafunafuna, monga mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri omaliza.
Aluminium imakwaniritsa zofunikira izi pazifukwa zingapo:
Kusinthasintha
Mwachilengedwe, aluminiyumu ndi chinthu chosinthika kwambiri.Mapangidwe a aluminiyamu ndi kukana dzimbiri kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe.
Imapezekanso m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga pepala la aluminiyamu, koyilo ya aluminiyamu, mbale ya aluminiyamu, chubu cha aluminium, chitoliro cha aluminiyamu, njira ya aluminiyamu, mtengo wa aluminiyumu, kapamwamba ka aluminium, ndi ngodya ya aluminiyamu.
Kusinthasintha kumapangitsa kuti aluminiyumu ikhale chinthu chosankhidwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagalimoto omwe angafunike mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, kaya kukula ndi mawonekedwe, mphamvu zokolola, kumaliza, kapena kukana dzimbiri.
Kusavuta Kuchita
Kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kusinthasintha kumatha kupitilizidwa kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, monga kuumitsa nthiti, kulimba kwa ntchito ndi mvula, kujambula, kuyika, kuponyera, kuumba, ndi kutulutsa.Ukadaulo wowotcherera wowotcherera ukupitiliza kupangitsa kujowina aluminiyamu kukhala kosavuta kuchita ndi zotsatira zotetezeka.
Wopepuka komanso Wokhalitsa
Aluminiyamu imakhala ndi chiŵerengero champhamvu cha mphamvu ndi kulemera, kutanthauza kuti ndi yopepuka komanso yolimba.Mayendedwe a magalimoto mu aluminiyamu ayang'ana kwambiri pakuchepetsa kulemera kwa magalimoto, cholinga chachikulu pamakampani kuti akwaniritse zolinga zolimba zotulutsa mpweya.
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Drive Aluminium amatsimikizira kuti aluminiyumu m'magalimoto amachepetsa kulemera kwa galimoto ndikuwonjezera ndalama zamafuta komanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi (EV).Popeza kufunikira kwa ogula ndi zolimbikitsa zachilengedwe zikupangitsa kuti EV ichuluke, titha kuyembekezera kuti aluminiyumu m'matupi agalimoto ipitilira kukwera ngati njira yochepetsera kulemera kwa mabatire ndi kutsika kwa mpweya.
Alloying luso
Aluminiyamuyo imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zingapo kuti ikweze mikhalidwe monga mphamvu, mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri kumawonjezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake popanga magalimoto.
Aluminiyamu imagawika m'magulu a aloyi omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zawo zazikulu zopangira.1xxx, 2xxx, 3xxx, 4xxx, 5xxx, 6xxx, ndi 7xxx aluminiyamu alloy mndandanda wonse umaphatikizapo zosakaniza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matupi agalimoto.
Mndandanda wa Maphunziro a Aluminium mu Magalimoto Agalimoto
1100
Mtundu wa 1xxx wa aluminiyumu ndiye aluminiyumu yoyera kwambiri yomwe ilipo.Pa 99% yoyera, pepala la aluminiyamu 1100 ndilosavuta kupanga.Ikuwonetsanso kukana kwabwino kwa dzimbiri.Ichi chinali chimodzi mwazitsulo zoyamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto ndipo zikugwiritsidwabe ntchito masiku ano, makamaka muzitsulo zotetezera kutentha.
2024
Mtundu wa 2xxx wa aluminiyumu umaphatikizidwa ndi mkuwa.2024 imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga ma pistoni, zida zopumira, zozungulira, masilindala, mawilo ndi magiya chifukwa zimawonetsa mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kutopa kwambiri.
3003, 3004, 3105
Mtundu wa 3xxx wa manganese wa aluminiyamu uli ndi mawonekedwe abwino.Mutha kuwona 3003, 3004 ndi 3105.
3003 ikuwonetsa mphamvu zapamwamba, mawonekedwe abwino, kugwirira ntchito, ndi luso lojambula.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi agalimoto, ma panel, komanso ma hybrids ndi EV.
3004 imagawana zambiri zamakhalidwe a 3003, ndipo imathanso kupangidwira mapanelo a ng'ombe ndi ma radiator.
3105 ili ndi kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri, mawonekedwe ake, komanso mawonekedwe awotcherera.Imawonetsedwa pamapepala amthupi lagalimoto, kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito muzitsulo, zitseko, ndi mapanelo apansi.
4032
Aluminiyamu ya 4xxx imapangidwa ndi silicon.4032 idzagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma pistoni, mipukutu ya kompresa, ndi zida za injini chifukwa ikuwonetsa kutsekemera kwambiri komanso kukana abrasion.
5005, 5052, 5083, 5182, 5251
5xxx mndandanda ndi imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri zamagalimoto a aluminiyamu.Chigawo chake chachikulu cha alloying ndi magnesium, chomwe chimadziwika kuti chimawonjezera mphamvu.
5005 imawonekera pamapaneli amthupi, matanki amafuta, mbale zowongolera, ndi mapaipi.
5052 imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo imapezeka muzinthu zambiri zamagalimoto.Mudzaziwona m'matanki amafuta, ma trailer amagalimoto, mbale zoyimitsidwa, zowonetsera, mabatani, ma disk ndi ma drum breaks, ndi zina zambiri zamagalimoto zomwe sizofunikira.
5083 ndiyabwino kwambiri pazigawo zovuta zamagalimoto monga zoyambira za injini ndi kuyika thupi.
5182 imawoneka ngati chothandizira pamatupi amagalimoto.Chilichonse kuyambira mabulaketi omangika, mpaka zitseko, ma hood, ndi mbale zakutsogolo zamapiko.
5251 imatha kuwoneka pakupanga magalimoto.
6016, 6022, 6061, 6082, 6181
Mitundu ya aluminiyamu ya 6xxx yophatikizidwa ndi magnesium ndi silicon, amadzitamandira mwaluso kwambiri pakutulutsa ndi kuponyera, ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe abwino omaliza.
6016 ndi 6022 amapangidwa kuti azivala zamoto, zitseko, mitengo ikuluikulu, madenga, zotchingira ndi mbale zakunja komwe kukana ndikofunika.
6061 ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri omaliza, kukana kwa dzimbiri, komanso mphamvu zambiri.Imawonekera m'mamembala opingasa, mabuleki, ma wheel propeller shafts, magalimoto agalimoto ndi mabasi, zikwama za mpweya, ndi matanki olandirira.
6082 ili ndi zina zabwino kwambiri zokana.Chifukwa chake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda.
6181 imagwira ntchito ngati mawonekedwe akunja.
7003, 7046
7xxx ndi gulu lamphamvu kwambiri komanso lamphamvu kwambiri, lopangidwa ndi zinc ndi magnesium.
7003 ndi alloy extrusion yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamipangidwe yowotcherera popanga matabwa amphamvu, zoyenda pamipando, zolimbitsa ma bumper, mafelemu a njinga zamoto, ndi marimu.
7046 ili ndi mphamvu zopanda pake komanso zowotcherera.Imawonekera m'mapulogalamu ofanana ndi 7003.
Tsogolo la Aluminium mu Magalimoto
Tili ndi zifukwa zomveka zokhulupirira kuti zomwe opanga magalimoto adatenga kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 zikadali zoona lero: aluminiyumu ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri pamagalimoto!Chiyambireni kuyambitsidwa koyamba, ma alloys ndi njira zopangira zopangira zidangowonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu m'magalimoto.Kuphatikizidwa ndi nkhawa yapadziko lonse yokhudzana ndi kukhazikika komanso kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe, aluminiyumu ikuyembekezeka kukwaniritsa kusiyanasiyana komanso kuzama kwamakampani opanga magalimoto.
Wolemba: Sara Montijo
Chitsime: https://www.kloecknermetals.com/blog/aluminium-in-cars/
(Pakuphwanya, chonde titumizireni zichotsedwa.)
Adasinthidwa ndi May Jiang kuchokera ku MAT Aluminium
Nthawi yotumiza: May-22-2023
