Makampani opanga magalimoto ku Europe ndiwotchuka chifukwa chapamwamba komanso mwanzeru kwambiri. Polimbikitsa njira zochepetsera mphamvu zochepetsera mphamvu komanso kuchepetsa utsi, pofuna kuchepetsa kuwononga mafuta komanso kutulutsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide, ma aluminiyamu opangidwa mwaluso komanso opangidwa mwaluso amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga magalimoto. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, m'zaka khumi zapitazi, avareji ya aluminiyumu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto onyamula anthu yawonjezeka kaŵirikaŵiri, ndipo kuchepetsa kulemera kwa ma aloyi a aluminiyamu kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1 pansipa. Kutengera malingaliro opangidwa mwaluso, izi zipitilira zaka zingapo zikubwerazi.
Popanga chitukuko chopepuka, zotayira za aluminiyamu zikuyang'anizana ndi mpikisano woopsa ndi zipangizo zina zatsopano, monga chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri, chomwe chingathe kukhalabe ndi mphamvu zambiri pambuyo pa mapangidwe a mipanda yopyapyala. Kuonjezera apo, pali magnesium, titaniyamu, galasi kapena carbon fiber composite zipangizo, zomaliza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kale muzamlengalenga. Tsopano lingaliro la mapangidwe azinthu zambiri laphatikizidwa m'mapangidwe agalimoto, ndipo zoyesayesa zikupanga kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera pazigawo zoyenera. Vuto lofunika kwambiri ndi vuto la kulumikizana ndi chithandizo chapamwamba, ndipo njira zosiyanasiyana zakhazikitsidwa, monga chipika cha injini ndi zigawo za sitima yamagetsi, mapangidwe a chimango (Audi A2, A8, BMW Z8, Lotus Elise), kapangidwe ka mbale (Honda NSX). , Jaguar, Rover), kuyimitsidwa (kalasi ya DC-E, Renault, Peugeot) ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zina zamapangidwe. Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa zigawo za aluminiyamu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto.
BIW Design Strategy
Thupi-loyera ndilo gawo lolemera kwambiri la galimoto wamba, lomwe limapanga 25% mpaka 30% ya kulemera kwa galimotoyo. Pali mapangidwe awiri apangidwe mu thupi-mu-white design.
1."Mapangidwe azithunzi za mbiri" zamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati: Audi A8 ndi chitsanzo chitsanzo, thupi woyera akulemera makilogalamu 277, tichipeza 59 mbiri (61 makilogalamu), 31 castings (39 makilogalamu) ndi 170 pepala zitsulo (177 makilogalamu). Amaphatikizidwa ndi riveting, kuwotcherera kwa MIG, kuwotcherera kwa laser, kuwotcherera kwa hybrid, gluing, etc.
2. "Die-forged sheet metal monocoque structure" kwa magalimoto apakati mpaka akuluakulu: mwachitsanzo, Jaguar XJ (X350), 2002 model (monga momwe chithunzi 4 pansipa), 295 kg kulemera "stimped body monocoque structure" thupi-in-white linali ndi mbiri 22 (21 kg), 15 castings (15 kg) ndi 273 pepala mbali zitsulo (259 makilogalamu). Njira zolumikizira zikuphatikiza kulumikiza, kuthamangitsa, ndi kuwotcherera kwa MIG.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Aluminium Alloy pa Thupi
1. Zaka zowumitsidwa Al-Mg-Si aloyi
Ma aloyi a 6000 ali ndi magnesium ndi silicon ndipo pano amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapepala am'galimoto monga A6016, A6111 ndi A6181A. Ku Europe, 1-1.2mm EN-6016 ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
2. Aloyi wa Al-Mg-Mn wosatentha
Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu, ma alloys a Al-Mg-Mn amawonetsa kupangika bwino komanso mphamvu zambiri, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapepala otenthetsera komanso ozizira pamagalimoto ndi machubu a hydroformed. Kugwiritsa ntchito mu chassis kapena mawilo kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri chifukwa kuchepetsedwa kwa magawo osasunthika osasunthika kumathandiziranso kuyendetsa bwino komanso kumachepetsa phokoso.
3. Mbiri ya Aluminium
Ku Europe, malingaliro atsopano amagalimoto adapangidwa kutengera kapangidwe ka aluminiyamu, mwachitsanzo, mafelemu a aluminiyamu aloyi ndi magawo ovuta. Kuthekera kwawo kwakukulu kwa mapangidwe ovuta ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito kumawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kupanga mndandanda wamtengo wapatali. Chifukwa kuzimitsa kumafunika pa extrusion, sing'anga mphamvu 6000 ndi mkulu mphamvu 7000 zaka zosakaniza aloyi woumitsa ntchito. Formability ndi mphamvu mtheradi amalamulidwa ndi zaka kuumitsa ndi kutentha wotsatira. Mbiri ya aluminiyamu ya alloy imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakupanga chimango, matabwa owonongeka ndi zida zina zowonongeka.
4. Aluminiyamu kuponyera
Castings ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi aluminiyumu m'magalimoto, monga midadada ya injini, mitu ya silinda ndi zida zapadera za chassis. Ngakhale injini za dizilo, zomwe zachulukitsa kwambiri msika wawo ku Europe, zikusintha kupita ku zida za aluminiyamu chifukwa chakuchulukira kwamphamvu komanso kulimba. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zojambula za aluminiyumu zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga chimango, magawo a shaft ndi zigawo zamapangidwe, ndipo kuponyera kwakukulu kwazitsulo zatsopano za aluminium za AlSiMgMn zapeza mphamvu zapamwamba komanso ductility.
Aluminiyamu ndiye chinthu chosankhidwa pamagalimoto ambiri monga chassis, thupi ndi zida zambiri zamapangidwe chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, mawonekedwe ake abwino komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri. Aluminiyamu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kapangidwe ka thupi imatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwa 30% potengera zomwe zimafunikira pakugwirira ntchito. Komanso, ma aloyi a aluminiyamu amatha kuyika mbali zambiri za chivundikiro chaposachedwa. Nthawi zina ndi zofunika kwambiri mphamvu, 7000 mndandanda aloyi akhoza kukhalabe ubwino khalidwe. Chifukwa chake, pamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri, njira zochepetsera zolemetsa za aluminium alloy ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Adasinthidwa ndi May Jiang kuchokera ku MAT Aluminium
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-08-2023
