Anodizing ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga filimu ya aluminium oxide pamwamba pa aluminiyamu kapena aloyi aloyi.Zimaphatikizapo kuyika chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu kapena aluminium alloy ngati anode mu njira ya electrolyte ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kuti apange filimu ya aluminium oxide.Anodizing imathandizira kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kuvala, komanso kukongoletsa kwa mbiri ya aluminiyamu.Pa anodizing ndondomeko ya aluminiyamu mbiri, angapo chilema wamba zikhoza kuchitika.Tiyeni timvetsetse zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika zamawanga.Kuwonongeka kwazinthu, kuipitsidwa ndi kusamba, kugwa kwa aloyi magawo achiwiri, kapena zotsatira za galvanic zimatha kubweretsa zolakwika.Iwo akufotokozedwa motere:
1.Acid kapena alkali etching
Pamaso anodizing, zinthu zotayidwa zikhoza dzimbiri ndi asidi kapena zamchere zamadzimadzi, kapena kukhudzidwa ndi asidi kapena zamchere utsi, chifukwa localized mawanga oyera padziko.Ngati dzimbiri ndi zazikulu, mawanga akuluakulu amatha kupanga.Zimakhala zovuta kudziwa ndi maso ngati dzimbiri zimayamba chifukwa cha asidi kapena alkali, koma zimatha kusiyanitsa mosavuta poyang'ana gawo lomwe lawonongeka ndi maikulosikopu.Ngati pansi pa dzenje ndi kuzungulira ndipo popanda dzimbiri intergranular, izo amayamba ndi alkali etching.Ngati pansi ndi osasamba ndi limodzi ndi intergranular dzimbiri, ndi maenje zakuya, izo amayamba ndi asidi etching.Kusungirako kosayenera ndi kusamalira fakitale kungayambitsenso mtundu uwu wa dzimbiri.Utsi wa asidi wochokera ku mankhwala opukuta kapena utsi wina wa acidic, komanso ma chlorinated organic degreasers, ndi magwero a acid etching.Etching wamba wa alkali amayamba chifukwa cha kumwazikana ndi kuwaza kwa matope, phulusa la simenti, ndi zakumwa zochapira zamchere.Chifukwa chake chikadziwika, kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe ka njira zosiyanasiyana mufakitale kumatha kuthetsa vutoli.
2.Atmospheric corrosion
Mbiri ya aluminiyamu yomwe imawululidwa ndi mpweya wonyowa imatha kukhala ndi mawanga oyera, omwe nthawi zambiri amalumikizana motalika motsatira nkhungu.Kuwonongeka kwa mumlengalenga nthawi zambiri sikukhala koopsa ngati asidi kapena alkali etching ndipo kumatha kuchotsedwa ndi njira zamakina kapena kutsuka kwamchere.Kuwonongeka kwa mumlengalenga nthawi zambiri sikumakhala komweko ndipo kumakonda kuchitika pamalo ena, monga madera otentha omwe mpweya wamadzi umakhazikika kapena pamwamba.Kutentha kwamlengalenga kukakhala koopsa kwambiri, mbali yopingasa ya mawanga amawoneka ngati bowa wopindika.Pachifukwa ichi, kutsuka kwa alkaline sikungathe kuthetsa madontho ndipo kungathe kuwakulitsa.Ngati dzimbiri zam'mlengalenga zatsimikiziridwa, momwe zinthu zimasungira mufakitale ziyenera kufufuzidwa.Zida za aluminiyamu siziyenera kusungidwa m'malo omwe kutentha kwambiri kumachepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya wamadzi.Malo osungira ayenera kukhala owuma, ndipo kutentha kukhale kofanana momwe zingathere.
3. Paper dzimbiri (madzi mawanga)
Pamene pepala kapena makatoni aikidwa pakati pa zipangizo za aluminiyamu kapena zogwiritsidwa ntchito poyikapo, zimalepheretsa abrasion.Komabe, ngati pepala likhala lonyowa, mawanga a dzimbiri amawonekera pamwamba pa aluminiyumu.Mukamagwiritsa ntchito makatoni a malata, mizere yokhazikika ya mawanga a dzimbiri imawonekera pamalo okhudzana ndi bolodi.Ngakhale zolakwika nthawi zina zimatha kuwoneka molunjika pamwamba pa aluminiyumu, nthawi zambiri zimawonekera pambuyo pa kutsuka kwa alkaline ndi anodizing.Mawangawa nthawi zambiri amakhala akuya komanso ovuta kuwachotsa pogwiritsa ntchito mawotchi kapena kutsuka kwamchere.Paper (board) dzimbiri amayamba ndi ayoni asidi, makamaka SO42- ndi Cl-, amene alipo mu pepala.Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito pepala (bolodi) popanda kloridi ndi sulfates ndi kupewa kulowa madzi ndi njira zothandiza kupewa dzimbiri pepala (bolodi).
4.Kuyeretsa dzimbiri lamadzi (lotchedwanso snowflake corrosion)
Mukatsuka ndi alkaline, kupukuta kwa mankhwala, kapena pickling ya sulfuric acid, ngati madzi otsuka ali ndi zonyansa, amatha kutulutsa mawanga ooneka ngati nyenyezi kapena onyezimira pamwamba.Kuzama kwa dzimbiri sikuzama.Kuwonongeka kwamtunduwu kumachitika pamene madzi oyeretsera ali oipitsidwa kwambiri kapena pamene kuthamanga kwa madzi osefukira kumachepa.Imafanana ndi makristasi owoneka ngati chipale chofewa, motero amatchedwa "mbiri ya chipale chofewa".Chifukwa chake ndi zomwe zimachitika pakati pa zonyansa za zinki mu aluminiyamu ndi SO42- ndi Cl- m'madzi oyeretsa.Ngati kusungunula kwa tanki kuli koyipa, zotsatira za galvanic zitha kukulitsa vutoli.Malinga ndi magwero akunja, pamene zomwe zili mu Zn muzitsulo zotayidwa ndizoposa 0.015%, Cl- m'madzi oyeretsera ndi apamwamba kuposa 15 ppm, mtundu uwu wa dzimbiri ukhoza kuchitika.Kugwiritsa ntchito nitric acid pakutola kapena kuwonjezera 0.1% HNO3 kumadzi oyeretsa kumatha kuthetsa.
5.Chloride dzimbiri
Kukhalapo kwa chloride pang'ono mu sulfuric acid anodizing kusamba kungayambitsenso kuwononga dzimbiri.Maonekedwe ake ndi maenje akuya ooneka ngati nyenyezi akuda, omwe amakhazikika kwambiri m'mphepete ndi m'makona a chogwirira ntchito kapena m'malo ena okhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kamakono.Malo otsekera alibe filimu ya anodized, ndipo makulidwe a filimuyi m'madera otsala "odziwika" ndi otsika kusiyana ndi mtengo womwe ukuyembekezeka.Mchere wambiri m'madzi a pampopi ndi umene umayambitsa kuipitsa m'bafa.
6.Galavani dzimbiri
Mu thanki yamagetsi (anodizing kapena electrolytic coloring), mphamvu ya galvanic pakati pa chogwirira ntchito ndi thanki (thanki yachitsulo), kapena zotsatira za mafunde osokera mu thanki yopanda mphamvu (kutsuka kapena kusindikiza), kungayambitse kapena kukulitsa dzimbiri.
Adasinthidwa ndi May Jiang kuchokera ku MAT Aluminium
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-15-2023
