Kuchotsa ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga filimu ya aluminiyamu oxide pamwamba pa aluminium kapena aluminium aluya. Zimakhudzanso kuyika chinthu cha aluminiyamu kapena aluminiyamu mawonekedwe a sodi mu yankho la electrolyte ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yamagetsi kuti apange filimu ya aluminium oxide. Kuchotsa kumapangitsa kuti chipongwe chipongwe, kuvala kukana, ndi zokongoletsa zamapulogalamu a aluminium. Pa ntchito yoyatsira aluminium a aluminium, zolakwika zingapo zomwe zingachitike. Tiyeni timvetsetse zomwe zimayambitsa zilema. Kutupa kwa zakuthupi, kuipitsa nkhawa, mpweya wa endoya gawo lachiwiri, kapenanso zagalvanic. Amafotokozedwa motere:
1.Cid kapena alkali etch
Asanachoke, zinthu za aluminiyamu zimatha kuwonongeka ndi asidi kapena alkaline amadzimadzi, kapena okhudzidwa ndi asidi kapena alkaline mafosholo, zomwe zimapangitsa mawanga oyera oyera pamwamba. Ngati chimbudzi chili chachikulu, malo otumphukira kwambiri amatha kupanga. Ndikosavuta kudziwa ndi mawonekedwe a maliseche ngati chimbudzi chimayamba chifukwa cha asidi kapena alkali, koma amatha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndikuwona gawo lamtanda lomwe lili pansi pa maikulosikopu. Ngati pansi pa dzenje ndi kozungulira komanso popanda kuwonongedwa kwa mkatikati, kumachitika chifukwa cha alkali akutalika. Ngati pansi ndi osakhazikika ndikuphatikizidwa ndi chithokomiro chokhazikika, ndi maenje akuya, chifukwa cha asidi. Kusungidwa molakwika komanso kusamalira mufakitale kumatha kuyambitsanso mtundu wamtunduwu. A asidi acid kuchokera ku othandizira kapena mafomu ena a acidic, komanso chlorinated ordoser, magwero a aciding. Anthu ambiri a malkali amayambitsidwa ndi kubalaku ndi kuwumba matope, phulusa la simenti, ndipo alkaline akutsuka zakumwa. Chifukwa chake chikatsimikiziridwa, kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe ka zinthu zosiyanasiyana mufakitale kumatha kuthetsa vutoli.
2.Atmosther
Mbiri ya aluminium yowoneka ndi mpweya wonyontho zimatha kukhala ndi mawanga oyera, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwirizana motalikirana motsatira mizere ya nkhungu. Mpweya wa m'mlengalenga nthawi zambiri sukhala woopsa kwambiri ngati asidi kapena alkali akumata ndipo amatha kuchotsedwa ndi njira zamakina kapena kusamba kwa alkaline. Trassicherrion nthawi zambiri sitoko ndipo imakonda kuchitika m'malo ena, monga madera ena otsika pomwe nthunzi yamadzi mosavuta kapena pamwamba. Pamene kututa kwa mlengalenga kumakhala kowopsa, gawo la mtanda limawoneka ngati bowa wopotoka. Pankhaniyi, kutsuka kwa alkaline sikungathetse mawanga ndipo kungawakulitse. Ngati mkokomo wa m'mlengalenga amatsimikiziridwa, malo osungira mufakitale ayenera kuyesedwa. Zipangizo zopangira aluminium siziyenera kusungidwa m'malo okhala ndi kutentha pang'ono kuti mupewe kufupika kwamadzi. Malo osungira ayenera kukhala owuma, ndipo kutentha kuyenera kukhala yunifolomu momwe tingathere.
3.Parporos (mawanga amadzi)
Mapepala kapena makatoni amaikidwa pakati pa zinthu za aluminium kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, zimalepheretsa abrasion. Komabe, ngati pepalalo limakhala lonyowa, mawanga azikono amawoneka pamwamba pa aluminiyamu. Makatoni okhala ndi makatoni akagwiritsidwa ntchito, mizere yokhazikika ya malo osungirako zachilengedwe imawonekera pamalingaliro okhudzana ndi bolodi yopanda tanthauzo. Ngakhale zofooka nthawi zina zimatha kuonekera mwachindunji pamtunda wa aluminimu pamtunda, nthawi zambiri zimatchulidwa pambuyo pa kusamba kwa alkaline. Malo awa nthawi zambiri amakhala akuya komanso ovuta kuchotsa njira yopanda makina kapena kusamba kwa alkaline. Pepala (bolodi) chimbudzi chimayamba chifukwa cha asidi acid, makamaka so42- ndi con-, yomwe ili papepala. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito pepala (bolodi) popanda chlorides ndi sulfides ndikupewa kulowa m'madzi ndi njira zothandiza popewa pepala.
4.Kuphatikiza madzi ophulika (omwe amadziwikanso kuti chipale chofewa)
Pambuyo pakutsuka alkaline, kupukutira kwamankhwala, kapena sulfuric acid, ngati madzi opsereza ali ndi zosayera, zitha kuchititsa kuti nyenyezi zikhale zowoneka bwino pamtunda. Kuzama kwamvula ndi kosazama. Mtundu wamtunduwu umachitika pomwe madzi oyeretsa amawonongeka kwambiri kapena pomwe madzi osefukira akuchepa. Imafanana ndi makhiristo owoneka bwino owoneka bwino kwambiri, chifukwa dzinalo "chipale chofewa." Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zomwe zimapangitsa pakati pa zitsulo mu aluminiyamu ndi so42- komanso kunenedwa m'madzi oyeretsera. Ngati kusokonekera kwa thankiyo kuli wosauka, maboma angakweze chilemachi. Malinga ndi zomwe zakunja, pomwe zomwe zili mu aluminiyam sloy ndizoposa 0.015%, maginiki oyeretsa ndi apamwamba kuposa 15. Kugwiritsa ntchito Nitric Acid kuti mutenge kapena kuwonjezera 0.1% HNO3 kumadzi oyeretsa kungathetse.
5.chloride chiwonongeko
Kupezeka kwa chloride pang'ono mu sulfuric acid a acid poboote kungayambitsenso kupondereza. Maonekedwe ake ndi maenje wakuda wakuda-nyenyezi, zomwe zimakhazikika m'mphepete ndi ngodya za ntchito kapena kumadera ena okhala ndi ndalama zapamwamba. Malo opunthwa alibe filimu yovomerezeka, ndipo makulidwe a filimuyo mu madera otsalawo ndi otsika kuposa mtengo woyembekezeka. Zolemba zamchere zazitali kwambiri pamtunda ndi gwero lalikulu la kusokonekera pakusamba.
6.Galvanic kutuwa
Mu thanki yolimbikitsidwa (yopanga kapena ma electroctoc), magetsi a Elevanic pakati pa ntchito yogwira ntchito ndi thankiyo (yopanda matanki), kapena zovuta za mafunde ophatikizika mu thanki yolimbitsa thupi (yophimba), imatha kukulitsa kapena kukulitsa.
Zosinthidwa ndi Meying kuchokera ku Mat Aluminium
Post Nthawi: Dis-15-2023
