Batire ndiye gawo lalikulu lagalimoto yamagetsi, ndipo magwiridwe ake amatsimikizira zizindikiro zaukadaulo monga moyo wa batri, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, komanso moyo wautumiki wagalimoto yamagetsi. Sireyi ya batri mu gawo la batri ndi gawo lalikulu lomwe limagwira ntchito zonyamula, kuteteza, ndi kuziziritsa. Paketi ya batri ya modular imakonzedwa mu thireyi ya batri, yokhazikika pa chassis ya galimoto kupyolera mu thireyi ya batri, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1. Popeza imayikidwa pansi pa thupi la galimoto ndipo malo ogwirira ntchito ndi ovuta, tray ya batri. imayenera kukhala ndi ntchito yolepheretsa kukhudzidwa kwa miyala ndi kuphulika pofuna kuteteza gawo la batri kuti lisawonongeke. Tireyi ya batri ndi gawo lofunikira lachitetezo cha magalimoto amagetsi. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa njira yopangira ndi kapangidwe ka nkhungu zama tray a aluminiyamu aloyi batire pamagalimoto amagetsi.
Chithunzi 1 (thireyi ya batire ya Aluminium alloy)
1 Kusanthula ndondomeko ndi mapangidwe a nkhungu
1.1 Kusanthula kwamasewera
Aluminiyamu aloyi batire thireyi kwa magalimoto magetsi akuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 2. Miyeso yonse ndi 1106mm × 1029mm × 136mm, makulidwe a khoma ndi 4mm, khalidwe loponyera lili pafupi 15.5kg, ndipo khalidwe loponyera pambuyo pokonza lili pafupi 12.5kg. Zomwe zili ndi A356-T6, Kulimba Kwambiri ≥ 290MPa, mphamvu zokolola ≥ 225MPa, elongation ≥ 6%, Brinell hardness ≥ 75 ~ 90HBS, imayenera kukwaniritsa kulimba kwa mpweya ndi IP67 & IP69K zofunika.
Chithunzi 2 (thireyi ya batire ya Aluminium alloy)
1.2 Kusanthula ndondomeko
Low pressure die casting ndi njira yapadera yoponyera pakati pa kuponyera ndi kuponya mphamvu yokoka. Sikuti ali ndi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito nkhungu zachitsulo kwa onse awiri, komanso ali ndi makhalidwe a kudzazidwa kokhazikika. Low pressure die casting ili ndi maubwino a kudzaza kothamanga kwambiri kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba, kosavuta kuwongolera liwiro, kugunda pang'ono ndi kuwaza kwa aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi, kuchepera kwa oxide slag, kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka minofu komanso makina apamwamba kwambiri. Pansi pa otsika kuthamanga kufa kuponyera, zotayidwa madzi wodzazidwa bwino, ndi kuponyera kumalimbitsa ndi crystallizes pansi pa kupsyinjika, ndi kuponyera ndi kapangidwe mkulu wandiweyani, mkulu mawotchi katundu ndi maonekedwe okongola akhoza analandira, amene ali oyenera kupanga lalikulu woonda-mipanda castings. .
Malinga ndi katundu makina chofunika ndi kuponyera, zinthu kuponyera ndi A356, amene angakwaniritse zosowa za makasitomala pambuyo mankhwala T6, koma kuthira fluidity za nkhaniyi zambiri amafuna wololera kulamulira nkhungu kutentha kubala castings lalikulu ndi woonda.
1.3 Njira yothira
Poganizira mawonekedwe a ma castings akulu ndi owonda, zipata zingapo ziyenera kupangidwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kudzazidwa kosalala kwa aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi, njira zodzaza zimawonjezeredwa pawindo, zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi post-processing. Njira ziwiri zoyendetsera dongosolo la kuthira zidapangidwa koyambirira, ndipo chiwembu chilichonse chinafaniziridwa. Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3, chiwembu cha 1 chimakonza zipata za 9 ndikuwonjezera njira zodyera pawindo; chiwembu 2 amakonza zipata 6 kutsanulira kuchokera kumbali ya kuponyera kuti apangidwe. Kusanthula kayeseleledwe ka CAE kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4 ndi Chithunzi 5. Gwiritsani ntchito zotsatira zofananira kuti mukwaniritse bwino mawonekedwe a nkhungu, yesetsani kupewa zovuta za kapangidwe ka nkhungu pamtundu wa castings, kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kuponyera zolakwika, ndikufupikitsa kuzungulira kwachitukuko. za castings.
Chithunzi 3 (Kuyerekeza kwa njira ziwiri zoyendetsera kupanikizika kochepa
Chithunzi 4 (Kuyerekeza kwa gawo la kutentha pakudzaza)
Chithunzi 5 (Kuyerekeza kwa shrinkage porosity defects pambuyo kulimbitsa)
The kayeseleledwe zotsatira za ziwembu ziwiri pamwamba zikusonyeza kuti madzi aluminiyamu pabowo kumayenda m'mwamba pafupifupi kufanana, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha kufanana kudzazidwa kwa madzi aluminiyamu lonse, ndi yoyerekeza shrinkage porosity mbali za kuponyera ndi. kuthetsedwa ndi kulimbikitsa kuziziritsa ndi njira zina.
Ubwino wa ziwembu ziwiri: Tikayang'ana kutentha kwa aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi panthawi yodzaza mofananira, kutentha kwa kumapeto kwa kuponyedwa komwe kumapangidwa ndi chiwembu 1 kumakhala kofanana kwambiri kuposa kwa chiwembu 2, chomwe chimathandizira kudzazidwa kwa mtsempha. . Kuponyedwa kopangidwa ndi chiwembu 2 kulibe zotsalira zachipata monga chiwembu 1. shrinkage porosity ndiyabwino kuposa ya chiwembu 1.
Zoyipa za ziwembu ziwirizi: Chifukwa chipatacho chimakonzedwa pakuponyedwa kuti chipangidwe mu chiwembu 1, padzakhala zotsalira zachipata pakuponyedwa, zomwe zidzawonjezeka pafupifupi 0,7ka poyerekeza ndi kuponyedwa koyambirira. kuchokera ku kutentha kwa aluminiyamu yamadzi mu chiwembu cha 2 kudzazidwa kofananira, kutentha kwa aluminiyumu yamadzimadzi kumapeto kwakutali kuli kotsika kale, ndipo kuyerekezera kuli pansi pa kutentha kwa nkhungu, kotero kuti mphamvu ya aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi ingakhale yosakwanira boma lenileni, ndipo padzakhala vuto la kuvutika kuponyera akamaumba.
Kuphatikizidwa ndi kusanthula kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana, chiwembu 2 chinasankhidwa ngati njira yothira. Poganizira zolakwika za chiwembu 2, makina otsanulira ndi makina otenthetsera amakonzedwa bwino pamapangidwe a nkhungu. Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 6, chokwera chochulukirapo chimawonjezedwa, chomwe chimakhala chopindulitsa pakudzaza kwa aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi ndikuchepetsa kapena kupewa kupezeka kwa zolakwika muzoponyera zowumbidwa.
Chithunzi 6 (Mchitidwe wothira wokometsedwa)
1.4 Dongosolo lozizira
Zigawo zokhala ndi nkhawa komanso madera omwe ali ndi zofunikira zamakina opangira ma castings ayenera kuziziritsidwa bwino kapena kudyetsedwa kuti zisawonongeke kapena kuphulika kwamafuta. Makulidwe oyambira a khoma la kuponyera ndi 4mm, ndipo kulimba kumakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa nkhungu komweko. Pazigawo zake zofunika, dongosolo lozizira limakhazikitsidwa, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 7. Pambuyo podzaza kudzazidwa, perekani madzi kuti aziziritsa, ndipo nthawi yeniyeni yoziziritsira imayenera kusinthidwa pa malo othirako kuti muwonetsetse kuti ndondomeko ya kulimba ikuchitika. amapangidwa kuchokera kutali kuchokera kumapeto kwa chipata mpaka kumapeto kwa chipata, ndipo chipata ndi chokwera zimakhazikika kumapeto kuti zikwaniritse chakudya. Gawo lomwe lili ndi makulidwe okulirapo amatengera njira yowonjezerera kuziziritsa kwamadzi ndikuyikapo. Njirayi imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino mu ndondomeko yeniyeni yoponyera ndipo imatha kupewa shrinkage porosity.
Chithunzi 7 (Dongosolo Lozizira)
1.5 Dongosolo la exhaust
Popeza chitsulo chopopera chopondera chotsika chatsekedwa, sichikhala ndi mpweya wabwino ngati nkhungu zamchenga, komanso sichimatuluka kudzera muzokwera mphamvu yokoka, kutulutsa kwapang'onopang'ono kukhudza kudzaza kwamadzimadzi. aluminiyumu ndi khalidwe la castings. The otsika kuthamanga kufa kuponyera nkhungu akhoza wotopa kudzera mipata, utsi grooves ndi utsi mapulagi mu molekanitsa pamwamba, kukankha ndodo etc.
Mapangidwe a kukula kwa mpweya muzitsulo zotulutsa mpweya ayenera kukhala zothandiza kuti zithetse popanda kusefukira, njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ingalepheretse kuponyera ku zolakwika monga kudzaza kosakwanira, kutayirira, ndi mphamvu zochepa. Malo omaliza odzaza ndi aluminiyumu yamadzimadzi panthawi yothira, monga mpumulo wam'mbali ndi chokwera cha nkhungu chakumtunda, ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Poona kuti aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi imalowa mosavuta mumpata wa pulagi yotulutsa mpweya mu ndondomeko yeniyeni ya kuponyedwa kwapansi, zomwe zimatsogolera kuti pulagi ya mpweya imatulutsidwa pamene nkhungu imatsegulidwa, njira zitatu zimatengedwa pambuyo. zoyesayesa zingapo ndi kukonza: Njira 1 amagwiritsa ufa zitsulo sintered mpweya pulagi, monga momwe chithunzi 8(a), kuipa ndi kuti mtengo kupanga ndi mkulu; Njira 2 imagwiritsa ntchito pulagi yamtundu wa msoko wokhala ndi kusiyana kwa 0.1 mm, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 8 (b), choyipa ndi chakuti msoko wotulutsa mpweya umatsekedwa mosavuta pambuyo popopera utoto; Njira 3 imagwiritsa ntchito pulagi yotulutsa waya, kusiyana kwake ndi 0.15 ~ 0.2 mm, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 8 (c). The kuipa ndi otsika processing dzuwa ndi mkulu kupanga mtengo. Mapulagi osiyana otulutsa mpweya ayenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi malo enieni a kuponyera. Nthawi zambiri, mapulagi a sintered ndi odulidwa ndi waya amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowoleza, ndipo mtundu wa msoko umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamutu wamchenga.
Chithunzi 8 (Mitundu ya 3 ya mapulagi otulutsa mpweya oyenera kuponyera kwapansi)
1.6 Dongosolo lotenthetsera
Chojambulacho ndi chachikulu kukula kwake komanso kocheperako pamakoma. Pakuwunika kwa nkhungu, kuthamanga kwa aluminiyumu yamadzimadzi kumapeto kwa kudzaza sikukwanira. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi ndi yayitali kwambiri kuti isayende, kutentha kumatsika, ndipo aluminiyumu yamadzimadzi imakhazikika pasadakhale ndipo imataya mphamvu yake yotuluka, kutsekedwa kozizira kapena kuthira kosakwanira kumachitika, chokwera chakufa chapamwamba sichingathe kukwaniritsa. zotsatira za kudyetsa. Kutengera ndi mavutowa, popanda kusintha makulidwe a khoma ndi mawonekedwe a kuponyera, onjezerani kutentha kwa aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi ndi kutentha kwa nkhungu, kusintha madzi a aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi, ndikuthetsa vuto la kutsekedwa kozizira kapena kuthira kosakwanira. Komabe, kutentha kwambiri kwa aluminiyumu yamadzimadzi ndi kutentha kwa nkhungu kumatulutsa matenthedwe atsopano kapena shrinkage porosity, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma pinholes a ndege pambuyo poponya. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kusankha kutentha koyenera kwa aluminiyumu yamadzimadzi komanso kutentha kwa nkhungu koyenera. Malinga ndi chidziwitso, kutentha kwa aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi kumayendetsedwa pafupifupi 720 ℃, ndipo kutentha kwa nkhungu kumayendetsedwa pa 320 ~ 350 ℃.
Poyang'ana kuchuluka kwakukulu, makulidwe a khoma laling'ono ndi kutalika kochepa kwa kuponyera, makina otenthetsera amaikidwa pamwamba pa nkhungu. Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 9, mayendedwe a lawi akuyang'ana pansi ndi mbali ya nkhungu kuti atenthe ndege yapansi ndi mbali ya kuponyera. Malinga ndi kutsanulira pamalopo, sinthani nthawi yotentha ndi lawi lamoto, wongolerani kutentha kwa gawo lapamwamba la nkhungu pa 320 ~ 350 ℃, onetsetsani kuti aluminiyumu yamadzimadzi imakhala yokwanira, ndikupangitsa kuti aluminiyumu yamadzimadzi idzaze patsekeke. ndi riser. Pogwiritsira ntchito, makina otenthetsera amatha kuonetsetsa kuti madzi a aluminiyamu amadzimadzimadzi.
Chithunzi 9 (Heating system)
2. Mapangidwe a nkhungu ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito
Malinga ndi otsika kuthamanga kufa kuponyera ndondomeko, pamodzi ndi makhalidwe a kuponyera ndi kapangidwe ka zipangizo, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kuponya anapanga amakhala mu nkhungu chapamwamba, kutsogolo, kumbuyo, kumanzere ndi kumanja pachimake-chikoka nyumba ndi. chopangidwa pa nkhungu chapamwamba. Pambuyo kuponyedwa kupangidwa ndi kukhazikika, zoumba zapamwamba ndi zapansi zimatsegulidwa poyamba, ndiyeno kukoka pachimake mu njira 4, ndipo potsiriza mbale yapamwamba ya nkhungu yapamwamba imakankhira kunja kuponyedwa komwe kunapangidwa. Mapangidwe a nkhungu akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 10.
Chithunzi 10 (Kapangidwe ka nkhungu)
Adasinthidwa ndi May Jiang kuchokera ku MAT Aluminium
Nthawi yotumiza: May-11-2023
